开发掺杂改性的碳材料用作燃料电池的非贵金属氧还原催化剂已成为燃料电池领域的重要研究课题,相关研究对于降低燃料电池成本、促进燃料电池的商业化具有十分重要的意义。 大量研究工作表明,对碳材料进行掺杂改性可以实现其形貌、微观结构、组成及其他表面物理化学性质的优化,从而得到具有较高催化活性、选择性和稳定性的氧还原催化剂。 人们在这类催化剂的制备方法、性能优化和催化机理等方面进行了大量研究工作。 综述了对碳纳米管、石墨烯、介孔碳、大孔碳、碳微球等碳材料进行掺杂改性的最新进展。 并基于目前的研究结果,展望了掺杂碳材料作为燃料电池非贵金属氧还原催化剂的应用前景和未来的发展趋势。

It is becoming one of the most important topics in the fuel cell field to develop doped/ modified carbon materials as non-precious-metal catalysts for oxygen reduction, which will effectively reduce the cost of fuel cell and promote the commercialization of the fuel cells. It has been demonstrated by a lot of researches that the microstructures, compositions and other superficial physicochemical properties can be improved and optimized through the doping modification of carbon materials, thus resulting in oxygen reduction catalysts with excellent catalytic activity, selectivity and stability. A considerable amount of researches have been done in the preparation methods, performance optimization and catalytic mechanism of this type of catalysts. In this paper, the latest research progresses in the doping modification of carbon materials, such as carbon nanotube, graphene, mesoporous carbons, macroporous carbons and carbon microspheres, were reviewed. Based on the results achieved, we proposed their application prospects as catalysts in fuel cell, as well as the developing trend of the doped carbon catalyst in the future.