目的 研究化学蚀刻 304 不锈钢表面结构类型、形成过程及其应用。 方法 以 304 不锈钢为对象,以 FeCl3 系溶液为蚀刻剂,采用化学蚀刻的工艺,通过表面分析和 SEM 等手段,研究化学蚀刻的过程以及表面结构的类型。 结果 在 40 ℃常压下,250 g/ L FeCl3 中使 304 不锈钢表面光滑的盐酸用量(y)与硝酸用量(x)满足一定的关系:y=19. 37+0. 13x±0. 5,x≤120 mL/ L;y = -8. 67+0. 62x±0. 5,x≥130 ml/ L。溶液中 Cl-含量是影响蚀刻后不锈钢表面的平整度的主要因素。 结论 改变蚀刻溶液性质可以改变蚀刻后 304 不锈钢表面形成的结构。

Objective To investigate the structure type, formation process and applications of 304 stainless steel after chemical etching. Methods The etching rule of 304 stainless steel was found by chemical etching in etching agent of FeCl3 solutions. The types of the surface structure and the forming process were studied by surface analysis and SEM. Results The law was in line with the following equation about the hydrochloric acid dosage (y) to smoothen the surface of 304 stainless steel along with the changes in nitric acid concentration(x): y=19. 37+0. 13x±0. 5, x≤120 mL/ L; y = -8. 67+0. 62x±0. 5, x≥130 mL/ L. The content of Cl- in etching solution was the major influencing factor for the surface roughness of the stainless steel after etching. Conclusion Changing the solution property could alter the surface structure of 304 stainless steel after etching.