目的 采用微弧氧化技术在 1060 铝合金表面制备黑色陶瓷膜, 并且讨论黑色膜的显色机理。方法 在不同电解液体系中制备出不同黑色度的陶瓷膜,通过测色仪及 EDS,XPS,SEM 等测定膜层的显色特性、成分和表观形貌。 结果 Na₂WO₄ 和 NH₄VO₃ 添加量对膜层显色特性和表观形貌影响较大,随着二者添加量的增加,膜层黑色度增加,表面粗糙度减小。 结论 微弧氧化过程中, 电解液中的 WO₄^2-和VO₃^-参与了成膜反应,生成了 V₂O₅,V₂O₃,WO_x 和 WO₃ 等具有黑色显色特性的氧化物,并分布于整个膜层和多孔结构中,这是黑色显色特性的主因。 随着 Na₂WO₄ 和 NH₄VO₃ 添加量的增加,显色氧化物在膜层和孔结构中存在的数量增加,使得膜层粗糙度降低。

Objective Black ceramic coating was obtained by micro-arc oxidation on the surface of 1060 aluminum alloy and the mechanism of the black ceramic coating was discussed. Methods The blackness,composition, microstructure of ceramic coating in different electrolytes were studied by color measurement instrument, EDS, XPS, SEM and other methods. Results The results showed that the addition amount of Na₂WO₄ and NH₄VO₃had great effects on the coating color features and apparent morphology, as the Na₂WO₄ and NH₄VO₃contents increased, the blackness degree of the membrane layer increased, while the surface roughness decreased. Conclusion In the process of micro-arc oxidation, the WO₄^2-and VO₃^-ions in the electrolyte were involved in the film forming reaction, generating the V₂O₅, V₂O₃, WO_xand WO₃ oxides with black color characteristics, which were distributed throughout the film layer and the porous structure, leading to the black color features. With the increase in the addition amount of Na₂WO₄and NH₄VO₃, the amount of color oxides in the membrane layer and the pore structure increased, reducing the roughness of the film layer.