目的 探究并制备兼具“薄厚度、轻量化、宽频带、强损耗”的高性能微波吸收材料。方法 以过渡金属碳化物为基体,采用“成分-碳化温度”调控策略制备“磁性纳米片包裹Mo2C”的核壳结构复合材料。控制(Fe(NO3)3·9H2O、Ni(NO3)2·6H2O比例来改变磁性相含量,并结合碳化温度调控策略调节材料电磁参数及阻抗匹配特性。通过扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射测试、拉曼光谱分析观察材料物相、微观形貌;运用矢量网络分析仪测试材料电磁参数,评估微波损耗性能。结果 采用成分-温度双调控策略成功构建了“磁性纳米片均匀包裹Mo2C颗粒”核-壳复合结构。材料在保留介电损耗的基础上,通过磁性纳米片引入磁损耗机制,实现了磁损耗、介电损耗有效耦合。所制备的LDH-2-900表现出优异的微波损耗性能：在超薄厚度（d=1.5 mm）时,有效吸收带宽为4.91 GHz;厚度为1.3 mm时,最小反射损耗高达-34.58 dB。结论 采用“成分-碳化温度”双调控策略,准确调控磁性纳米片包覆情况,成功构建了“磁性纳米片包裹Mo2C”的核-壳复合结构。实现了介电损耗与磁损耗的协同增强、优化介电损耗特性、有效拓宽微波损耗途径,克服了传统吸波材料“频带窄,厚度大”的缺陷。该研究为高性能微波吸收材料制备与设计提供了新的思路。
Abstract
The rapid advancement of electromagnetic fields has fueled the widespread adoption of 5G networks, and electronic devices are increasingly evolving toward higher frequency and miniaturization. Electromagnetic field technologies have become deeply embedded in every facet of modern life. Electromagnetic waves are ubiquitous across modern technology from non-destructive testing to wireless communication networks and precision radar systems. While these innovations enhance daily convenience, they simultaneously pose significant risks to human health and the environment. Specifically, electromagnetic pollution emerges as a critical environmental threat, exacerbating disruptions to sensitive electronic devices and posing long-term health hazard.
Microwave absorption materials(MAMs) play a vital role in mitigating electromagnetic pollution by converting, attenuating and redirecting electromagnetic energy through engineered structural designs, and can not only reduce health risks associated with electromagnetic exposure but also safeguard the reliable operation of electronic devices. Conventional microwave absorption materials generally suffer from drawbacks such as narrow EAB coverage and single loss mechanism, making them difficult to meet the requirements of practical applications. Compared with traditional MAMs, novel MAMs based on transition metal carbides (TMCs) possess more favorable electromagnetic parameters, higher electrical conductivity, richer loss mechanisms and superior impedance matching characteristics, those advantages make them ideal candidates for next-generation MAMs. Against the backdrop of increasingly developing modern life, the demand for such materials exhibiting excellent and stable electromagnetic performance have been steadily increasing. Consequently, the development of high-performance MAMs is of great significance not only in daily life but also in crucial sectors including telecommunications, aerospace, and defense. Among transition metal carbides, molybdenum carbide (Mo2C) stands out owing to its mixed ionic-covalent-metallic bonding, which endows it with both structural stability and exceptional electrical conductivity. This unique bonding is crucial for balancing dielectric loss and impedance matching in microwave absorption, enabling Mo2C as a prominent research hotspot in materials science.
Here, an organic-inorganic self-assembly process is adopted to prepare Mo2C through coordination between TMCs and dopamine molecules followed by high-temperature annealing. Transition metal carbides serve as the structural matrix. Through a combination of compositional regulation and temperature engineering, TMC particles with magnetic nanosheets are encapsulated, the magnetic loss mechanism is incorporated to further enhance the overall microwave loss performance of the composites. In this work, LDH-X-Y core-shell composite materials are successfully produced, where X represents the content of magnetic nanosheets and Y represents the annealing temperature. Systematic investigation into the influence of dual-regulation strategy on the microwave absorption ability of LDH demonstrates that under conditions of 900 ℃ annealing temperature and moderate magnetic nanosheets shell loading, the composites achieves optimal impedance matching characteristics. Notably, at an ultrathin thickness of merely 1.5 mm, it exhibits an effective absorption bandwidth(EAB) of 4.91 GHz with a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of -34.58 dB. Additionally, the radar cross section (RCS) attenuation performance of the samples is simulated using CST studio suite software, LDH-2-900 significantly reduces RCS values compared with perfect electronic conductor (PEC), highlighting its superior electromagnetic interference suppression capability. This work provides a novel strategy to effectively expand loss pathways and boost loss capability, offering valuable insights into the fabrication of high-performance microwave absorption materials.
关键词
微波吸收材料 /
过渡金属碳化物 /
导电损耗 /
极化损耗 /
磁损耗 /
反射损耗 /
有效吸收带宽
Key words
microwave absorption materials /
transition metal carbides /
conductive loss /
polarization loss /
magnetic loss /
reflection loss /
effective absorption bandwidth
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基金
国家重点研发计划项目（2021YFB3502500）;国家自然基金项目（52172295）
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