目的 针对LAZ933镁锂合金耐蚀性差制约其工程应用的问题,采用激光刻蚀结合复合后处理的工艺制备超疏水防护表面,系统研究激光刻蚀功率对表面微观结构、化学成分及耐蚀性能的影响规律,获得兼具优异耐蚀性与耐久性的镁锂合金超疏水表面制备方案。方法 以LAZ933镁锂合金为基底,通过调控激光刻蚀功率构建不同尺度的表面微结构,再经盐酸刻蚀与硬脂酸低表面能修饰制备超疏水表面;采用场发射扫描电镜（FESEM）、三维轮廓仪表征表面形貌,通过能谱分析（EDS）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）分析表面化学成分,通过接触角测试、电化学测试及耐久性测试评价表面性能。结果 激光刻蚀功率显著影响表面微结构的粗糙度与均匀性,9 W激光功率可形成最理想的微纳复合粗糙结构;经复合后处理后,该表面接触角达159.4°、滚动角为4.6°,实现超疏水特性;电化学测试表明,其自腐蚀电位较光滑基体正移0.29 V,自腐蚀电流密度下降2个数量级,腐蚀抑制率达98.8%;该超疏水表面在大气环境中放置60 d后仍保持超疏水性能,同时具备良好的热稳定性与机械耐磨性。结论 激光刻蚀功率是调控镁锂合金超疏水表面性能的核心参数,适中功率可协同后处理构建最优的疏水微纳结构;该复合工艺制备的超疏水表面可通过气垫效应有效阻隔腐蚀介质,大幅提升镁锂合金的耐蚀性能;制备的超疏水表面兼具优异的长期稳定性与机械耐久性,为镁锂合金的腐蚀防护提供了一种可行的工程化方法。
Abstract
In this study, a superhydrophobic surface is constructed on an LAZ933 magnesium-lithium (Mg-Li) alloy surface by regulating laser etching power combined with chemical post-treatment. The work focuses on clarifying how laser power affects surface microstructure evolution, wetting behaviors, and corrosion-related performance, providing a controllable strategy for tailoring the surface properties of Mg-Li alloys.
Rolled LAZ933 Mg-Li alloy plates are cut into 20 mm × 20 mm × 2 mm samples, mechanically polished, and cleaned prior to laser processing. Surface microstructures are fabricated with an infrared nanosecond laser system (DL-TG-IRF-30, Delphilaser, China) with a wavelength of 1 064 nm. During laser texturing, the scanning speed (100 mm/s), scanning interval (100 μm), and pulse frequency (20 kHz) are kept constant, while the laser etching power is varied from 6 to 12 W to investigate its influence on surface morphology and wettability. After laser processing, the samples are ultrasonically cleaned in anhydrous ethanol, dried, and subsequently etched in hydrochloric acid under fixed concentration and time conditions to further refine the surface structures. The etched samples are then modified in a 0.25 mol/L stearic acid ethanol solution at room temperature for 1 h to reduce surface energy. Surface morphology and three-dimensional topography are characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), providing detailed microstructural features and surface roughness information. Wettability is evaluated by contact angle (CA) and sliding angle (SA) measurements, with 8 μL water droplets tested at five different positions on each sample. Surface chemical composition and functional groups are analyzed by energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Electrochemical performance is assessed by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in a 3.5wt.% NaCl solution with a standard three-electrode system. Corrosion parameters, including corrosion potential and corrosion current density, are determined by Tafel extrapolation and impedance fitting.
The results show that laser etching power plays a decisive role in determining surface microstructure and wetting behaviors. At low laser powers, insufficient surface roughness results in limited hydrophobicity, whereas excessive laser power causes partial melting and structural damage, deteriorating surface performance. An optimal laser etching power of 9 W enables the formation of uniform microstructures, which evolve into hierarchical micro-nano features after acid etching. Following stearic acid modification, the surface exhibits a stable superhydrophobic state with a maximum contact angle of 159.4° and a sliding angle of 4.6°. Chemical analyses confirm that the wetting transition from hydrophilicity to superhydrophobicity is resulted from the combined effects of laser-induced hierarchical structures and low-surface-energy modification. Electrochemical measurements indicate that the superhydrophobic surface prepared at 9 W conforms to the Cassie-Baxter wetting model and exhibits significantly enhanced corrosion resistance. Compared with the smooth Mg-Li alloy substrate, the corrosion potential shifts positively by 0.29 V, the corrosion current density decreases by approximately two orders of magnitude, and the corrosion inhibition efficiency reaches 98.8%. Durability tests, including ultrasonic vibration wear, thermal annealing, and long-term atmospheric exposure, demonstrate that the superhydrophobic surface maintains stable wettability and functional performance. This study confirms that laser power modulation is an effective and reliable approach for controlling surface wettability and improving the comprehensive performance of superhydrophobic Mg-Li alloy surfaces, offering practical guidance for surface engineering and corrosion protection of lightweight metallic materials.
关键词
镁锂合金 /
超疏水表面 /
激光功率 /
耐久性 /
热稳定性 /
耐磨性
Key words
Mg-Li alloy /
superhydrophobic surface /
laser power /
durability /
thermal stability /
wear resistance
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