目的 H型钢构件广泛应用于钢结构建筑中。近年来,尽管钢结构腐蚀研究已逐步从传统的二维平板体系转向三维异形构件,但现有研究仍主要集中于平板钢材。针对H型钢这类典型三维构件,目前对其空间几何角度影响腐蚀行为的系统性研究与建模仍较为匮乏。方法 通过中性盐雾腐蚀试验,系统研究了不同空间角度与不同腐蚀周期条件下H型钢构件的腐蚀行为,并基于三维元胞自动机技术构建了此类钢构件的腐蚀演化模型。结果 随着腐蚀周期延长,试件的空间摆放角度对H型钢的腐蚀行为具有显著影响。0°与45°时,上翼缘腐蚀程度高于腹板,下翼缘腐蚀程度最低,但45°试件因具有45°的倾角,NaCl腐蚀溶液难以在其翼缘形成保护性水膜,从而导致其翼缘与腹板的腐蚀率、锈层厚度和蚀坑平均深度均高于0°试件;90°时,腹板上表面腐蚀最严重,翼缘次之,腹板下表面腐蚀最轻;建立的H型钢构件腐蚀模型能够准确再现腐蚀过程,且蚀坑形貌与深度与试验结果高度一致,误差仅在5%以内。结论 H型钢构件的腐蚀程度与构件自身结构和空间角度密切相关,构建的H型钢腐蚀演化模型能有效再现H型钢腐蚀的动态演化过程,且模拟结果较为精确,验证了模型的合理性与预测能力。
Abstract
H-shaped steel components are extensively employed in modern steel structure buildings due to their superior mechanical properties, high load-bearing capacity, and structural efficiency. In recent years, corrosion research in the field of structural steel has gradually shifted from traditional two-dimensional flat plate systems toward more realistic three-dimensional irregular geometries, with growing emphasis on elucidating the non-uniform corrosion mechanisms that emerge from the complex interplay between component geometry and localized micro-environmental conditions such as moisture retention, oxygen diffusion, and electrolyte accumulation. Despite this progressive shift, the majority of existing experimental and numerical studies continue to focus predominantly on flat steel surfaces, leaving a significant knowledge gap regarding the corrosion behavior of typical three-dimensional structural elements, particularly H-shaped steel sections, which are ubiquitous in engineering practice. Crucially, systematic investigations into how spatial orientation affects corrosion evolution across different surfaces (e.g., upper/lower flanges and web plates) remain scarce, and predictive models that account for geometric complexity are still underdeveloped. To address this critical gap, the work aims to conduct a comprehensive series of neutral salt spray (NSS) corrosion experiments on H-shaped steel specimens positioned at three distinct spatial angles, including 0° (horizontal), 45° (inclined), and 90° (vertical), over multiple corrosion cycles up to 60 days. Concurrently, a novel corrosion evolution model based on three-dimensional cellular automata (3D-CA) technology is developed to simulate the dynamic, spatially heterogeneous corrosion process. Experimental results demonstrate that the spatial placement angle exerts a profound effect on corrosion distribution and severity. At both 0° and 45° orientations, the upper flange exhibits greater corrosion than the web plate, while the lower flange remains the least corroded due to limited electrolyte retention. Notably, the 45° specimen experiences accelerated corrosion: its inclined geometry impedes stable water film formation yet enhances localized wet-dry cycling, leading to more aggressive pitting. After 60 days, the average rust layer thickness and mean pit depth on the upper flange and web plate of the 45° specimen are 45.79% and 54.78% higher, respectively, than those of the 0° specimen. In the 90° configuration, the upper surface of the web plate suffers the most severe attack, followed by the flanges, while the lower web surface shows minimal corrosion. Under any fixed angle, corrosion metrics, including rust layer thickness, maximum and average pit depth, and mass loss rate, increase with exposure duration, yet pronounced non-uniformity persists across surfaces. For example, in the 45° specimen, the upper flange endures the worst degradation due to maximal salt spray exposure and surface area, whereas the undersides of both flanges experience minimal contact and rapid drainage under gravity, resulting in significantly milder corrosion. The proposed 3D-CA model accurately reproduces these experimental observations, with simulated pit morphologies, depth distributions, and corrosion rates showing excellent agreement such as errors consistently below 5%, thereby validating its reliability and predictive power. This work conclusively demonstrates that the corrosion behavior of H-shaped steel is intrinsically governed by its three-dimensional geometry and spatial orientation, necessitating the incorporation of such factors in durability design and service-life assessment. The validated 3D-CA framework provides a robust computational tool for simulating real-world corrosion scenarios and supports more accurate, physics-informed predictions for steel infrastructure in aggressive environments.
关键词
H型钢 /
元胞自动机 /
空间角度 /
中性盐雾腐蚀试验 /
腐蚀模型 /
蚀坑形貌与深度
Key words
H-shaped steel /
cellular automaton /
spatial angle /
neutral salt spray corrosion test /
corrosion model /
pit morphology and depth
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基金
山东省重点研发计划（重大科技创新工程）项目（2024CXGC010321）;山东省住房和城乡建设科技计划（2024KYKF-JZGYH103）;日照市重点研发计划（2025ZDYF0101）
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