光热介导聚多巴胺/铜改性Ti6Al4V抗菌性能及生物相容性研究

闫香洁; 韩宁; 李伯琼; 齐会萍; 赵亚丽

doi:10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2026.08.021

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表面技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (8) : 246-255. DOI: 10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2026.08.021

功能表面及技术

光热介导聚多巴胺/铜改性Ti6Al4V抗菌性能及生物相容性研究

闫香洁^1a,*, 韩宁², 李伯琼^1a,*, 齐会萍², 赵亚丽^1a,b

作者信息 +

Photothermal-mediated Antibacterial Performance and Biocompatibility of Poly(dopamine)/Copper Modified Ti6Al4V

YAN Xiangjie^1a,*, HAN Ning², LI Boqiong^1a,*, QI Huiping², ZHAO Yali^1a,b

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

目的针对钛合金Ti6Al4V（TC4）在骨科及心血管植入领域易出现骨整合不良,与血液接触时易引发血栓,且术后容易导致细菌感染等问题,通过对TC4进行表面改性以改善其生物相容性、实现抗菌性能。方法通过聚多巴胺（PDA）介导在TC4表面构建含铜离子（Cu²⁺）复合涂层（T/PDA-Cu）,结合近红外808 nm激光照射,实现可控抗菌与生物相容性的协同优化。利用扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱、接触角测量仪对T/PDA-Cu的结构、表面形貌、表面润湿性进行表征,利用808 nm激光对T/PDA-Cu的光热性能及抗菌性能进行表征,通过小鼠成骨细胞实验评价T/PDA-Cu的生物相容性。结果 T/PDA-Cu表面结构稳定,亲水性增强,光热性能稳定,在808 nm激光照射下实现协同抗菌,细菌抑制率高达97.3%,并且对成骨细胞展现出良好的黏附性能和生物相容性。结论 T/PDA-Cu在近红外调控下展现出高效、可控的抗菌性能,且无明显细胞毒性,为解决TC4植入体的感染与生物相容性问题提供了新的思路,有望推动多功能医用植入材料的临床转化。

Abstract

Ti6Al4V (TC4) titanium alloy is widely used in orthopedic and cardiovascular implant fields, but it suffers from critical limitations, such as poor osseointegration, high propensity for thrombosis upon blood contact, and elevated risk of bacterial infection post-surgery. To address these challenges, the work aims to carry out surface modification on TC4 titanium alloy to improve its biocompatibility and endow it with efficient antibacterial properties.
TC4 titanium alloy surfaces were ground with sandpaper and ultrasonically cleaned in acetone and ethanol to ensure surface purity. After alkaline pretreatment of the TC4 surface, dopamine (PDA) and copper ions (Cu²⁺) were sequentially introduced for surface functionalization, resulting in the fabrication of the TC4/PDA-Cu composite. Notably, the composite achieved synergistic and controllable antibacterial activity through photothermal regulation.
A series of characterization and evaluation methods were employed to systematically analyze the composite. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the surface microstructure and morphological characteristics of the composite. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was applied to identify the surface functional groups. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was utilized to determine the release concentration of copper ions. A contact angle measuring instrument was employed to assess the hydrophilicity of the composite. Additionally, the photothermal performance and stability of the composite were evaluated under irradiation with an 808 nm near-infrared (NIR) laser. The antibacterial properties and underlying mechanisms were verified with E. coli and S. aureus, while osteoblast cells (MC3T3-E1) were used to evaluate the biocompatibility of the TC4/PDA-Cu composite under NIR irradiation (TC4/PDA-Cu+NIR group).
The experimental results indicated that the TC4/PDA-Cu composite exhibited a stable surface microstructure, with PDA and Cu²⁺ successfully and firmly immobilized on the TC4 surface. The Cu²⁺ loading amount was measured to be 16 μg/cm², and its release profile presented a typical "initial burst release followed by sustained slow release" pattern, while the cumulative release of Cu²⁺ remained within the biosafety range. Compared with pristine TC4, the water contact angle of TC4/PDA-Cu decreased to 48°, indicating a significant enhancement in surface hydrophilicity. This improved hydrophilicity was favorable for protein adsorption and subsequent cell adhesion. Under irradiation with an 808 nm laser, the interaction between PDA and Cu²⁺ generated a prominent thermionic effect, raising the surface temperature of TC4/PDA-Cu to 56 ℃ within 4 min, which demonstrated excellent photothermal performance and stability. The plate counting method and bacterial live/dead staining assay confirmed that the TC4/PDA-Cu+NIR system achieved highly efficient antibacterial activity against both E. coli and S. aureus, with an antibacterial rate of up to 97.3%. This robust antibacterial effect was primarily attributed to the synergistic action of the photothermal effect and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by the composite. Cell experiment results showed that the cell proliferation rate in the TC4/PDA-Cu+NIR group increased progressively with the prolonged culture time. Moreover, osteoblasts adhered tightly to the implant surface and extended numerous pseudopodia, indicating good cellular compatibility. This favorable cellular response was mainly ascribed to two factors: firstly, the hydrophilic nature of PDA promoted the adsorption of extracellular matrix proteins, thereby facilitating cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation; secondly, copper ions upregulated the expression of osteogenesis-related genes, which further enhanced osteogenic differentiation. Collectively, these results confirmed that the TC4/PDA-Cu composite exhibited excellent biocompatibility.
In conclusion, this work provides experimental basis and theoretical support for the development of medical titanium alloy implants with controllable antibacterial activity, low toxicity, and excellent biocompatibility, which is expected to promote the clinical translation of multifunctional biomaterials in the field of implantology.

导出引用

闫香洁, 韩宁, 李伯琼, 齐会萍, 赵亚丽. 光热介导聚多巴胺/铜改性Ti6Al4V抗菌性能及生物相容性研究[J]. 表面技术. 2026, 55(8): 246-255

YAN Xiangjie, HAN Ning, LI Boqiong, QI Huiping, ZHAO Yali. Photothermal-mediated Antibacterial Performance and Biocompatibility of Poly(dopamine)/Copper Modified Ti6Al4V[J]. Surface Technology. 2026, 55(8): 246-255

中图分类号： R318.08 TG174.4

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