目的 复合绝缘子运行中积聚的污秽在潮湿条件下易受潮溶解,便会在硅橡胶伞裙上形成一层连续的电解液膜,显著降低表面电阻,引发沿面闪络风险。为提高硅橡胶的表面绝缘性能,并探究等离子体处理对其本体性能的影响。方法 采用平行板式介质阻挡放电（Dielectric Barrier Discharge, DBD）等离子体在不同放电电压与频率下对硅橡胶试样进行处理,系统测试处理前后试样的沿面闪络电压、表面水接触角、击穿电压及力学性能变化,以分析DBD处理对表面与本体性能的影响规律。研究DBD等离子体对硅橡胶表面性能和本体性能的影响规律。借助傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）和原子力显微镜（AFM）,表征处理前后表面化学成分与形貌演变,以揭示性能变化机制。结果 经DBD等离子体处理后,硅橡胶沿面闪络电压显著提高,在25 kV、7 kHz条件下最大提升22.7%;表面水接触角降低,且憎水性在空气中可自主恢复。击穿电压与力学性能波动范围均小于5%,表明本体性能保持稳定。FT-IR与AFM结果显示,表面含氧官能团增多,粗糙度增大。结论 DBD等离子体处理可有效提升硅橡胶沿面闪络电压,其主要机制为等离子体处理诱导表面含氧基团增多所引发的陷阱能级优化（深陷阱密度降低、浅陷阱密度增加）,以及表面粗糙度增大。表面憎水性暂时下降后能够恢复,归因于硅橡胶分子链的动态迁移行为。该处理在增强绝缘性能的同时,未损害材料本体性能,具备良好的工程应用潜力。
Abstract
During long-term operation, the surface of the silicone rubber umbrella skirt of composite insulators will gradually accumulate pollutants from the atmospheric environment. Under dry conditions, these polluted layers usually exist in a solid form and have limited impacts on insulation performance. However, as the environmental humidity increases, the soluble components in the pollutants will absorb moisture and dissolve, forming a conductive electrolyte film. The liquid film induces partial discharge by reducing surface resistance, forming current channels, and inducing distorted electric fields; The further development of the discharge arc can ultimately lead to surface flashover, seriously endangering the safety of power grid operation.
The principle of surface treatment of materials by plasma is mainly achieved through physical and chemical interactions between high-energy electrons, ions, active free radicals, and active components such as ultraviolet radiation generated by discharge and the material surface, thereby regulating the surface properties of the material. In this study, parallel plate dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma is used to treat silicone rubber samples at different discharge voltages and frequencies. The surface flashover voltage, surface water contact angle, breakdown voltage, and mechanical properties of the samples before and after treatment are systematically tested to analyze the influence of DBD treatment on surface and bulk properties. Using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), the surface chemical composition and morphology evolution before and after treatment are characterized to reveal the mechanism of performance changes.
The results show that after DBD plasma treatment, the surface flashover voltage of silicone rubber significantly increases, with a maximum increase of 22.7% at 25 kV and 7 kHz; The surface water contact angle decreases, and after the treated silicone rubber sample is left to stand in the atmospheric environment, its hydrophobicity autonomously recovers. Although the stability value is slightly lower than that of the untreated sample, it is still much higher than the critical value of the material's hydrophilicity. The fluctuation range of breakdown voltage and mechanical properties is less than 5%, indicating that the performance of the body remains stable. FT-IR and AFM results show that the surface of silicone rubber has an increase in oxygen-containing functional groups and roughness.
DBD plasma treatment can effectively enhance the surface flashover voltage of silicone rubber, mainly through the optimization of trap energy levels induced by the increase of surface oxygen-containing groups and the increase of surface roughness. The optimization of trap energy levels is manifested by an increase in shallow trap density, which can accelerate the dissipation rate of surface charges and effectively suppress the sustained accumulation of surface charges; The increase in surface roughness enhances insulation performance through macroscopic and microscopic synergistic mechanisms. At the macro level, the extended creepage distance can suppress flashover; At the microscopic level, electron motion is constrained by grooves, increasing the probability of carrier capture and scattering, reducing the number of effective seed electrons, and suppressing the generation and development of electron avalanche. The temporary decrease in hydrophobicity on the surface of silicone rubber after treatment can be attributed to the dynamic migration behavior of low molecular weight siloxanes inside the silicone rubber. This treatment not only enhances the insulation performance but also does not damage the material's intrinsic properties, indicating good potential for engineering applications.
关键词
介质阻挡放电等离子体 /
硅橡胶 /
憎水性 /
沿面闪络电压 /
力学性能
Key words
dielectric barrier discharge plasma /
silicone rubber /
hydrophobicity /
surface flashover voltage /
mechanical properties
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基金
辽宁省技术攻关计划项目（2024JH2/102600017）; 大连理工大学基本科研业务费项目（DUTZD25206）
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