目的 作为减反射材料,酸催化溶胶-凝胶法制备的SiO2薄膜具有优异的机械性质,然而,其减反射性能需要进一步提升。方法 采用酸催化溶胶-凝胶法配制不同聚乙二醇（PEG10000）含量的SiO2溶胶,在玻璃衬底上制备PEG-SiO2减反射膜,研究PEG含量对SiO2溶胶稳定性、薄膜结构和性质的影响。结果 PEG加入后,SiO2溶胶由无色转变为浅绿色,但仍具有较好的稳定性;SiO2干凝胶粉末经过500 ℃热处理后为非晶态,PEG的加入未改变SiO2的微观结构。玻璃上制备的PEG-SiO2薄膜晶粒细小,表面均匀,粗糙度低,不同PEG含量的SiO2薄膜均具有减反射性能,其中,20% PEG-SiO2薄膜减反射性能最好,在0°入射,380~ 1 100 nm波段内的平均透过率为91.61%,比未镀膜玻璃（88.24%）高3.37%,45°入射时,380~1 100 nm波段内的平均透过率为87.06%,比未镀膜玻璃（81.14%）高5.92%,表明PEG-SiO2薄膜在大角度宽波段内具有优异的减反射性能。制备PEG-SiO2薄膜后,玻璃表面由亲水性（49.03°）转变为超亲水性（低于5°）,表现出较好的防雾性能。结论 PEG改性的SiO2薄膜不仅具有宽波段大角度减反射性能,还具有超亲水防雾性能,有望作为多功能减反射膜用于光伏设备、光学传感器及显示设备等领域。
Abstract
Preparation of anti-reflection films on the solar cell cover glass is an important method to increase photoelectric conversion efficiency. SiO2 anti-reflection films prepared by acid catalyzed sol-gel method are a potential material due to their low refraction, excellent chemical stability and good mechanical properties. However, the anti-reflection property should be further improved. Increasing the porosity of SiO2 thin films by organic polymers is expected to improve the transmittance. In this work, polyethylene glycol (PEG) modified SiO2 films were prepared on glass substrates by sol-gel dip coating method. The properties of PEG-SiO2 sols were investigated by absorption spectrum. The results showed that SiO2 sols with different PEG contents were transparent and stable. With the increasing PEG content in SiO2 sols, the intensity of PEG characteristic absorption peak increased, indicating that PEG was uniformly dispersed in SiO2 sols. The effect of PEG content on the microstructure of SiO2 was analyzed by thermogravimeric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), X ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and infrared spectrometer (IR). The PEG in SiO2 sols was completely decomposed after heat treatment. The structure of SiO2 heat-treated at 500 ℃ with and without PEG was amorphous. The addition of PEG did not significantly affect the structure of SiO2. The surface morphology of the PEG-SiO2 film was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The surface of the PEG-SiO2 film was uniform, with fine grain size and low roughness. The transmittance spectrum of the PEG-SiO2 film in the wavelength of 190-1 100 nm with different incident angles was measured through an ultraviolet visible near-infrared spectrophotometer. The average transmittance and maximum transmittance of glass coated SiO2 or PEG-SiO2 films at the wavelength of 380-1 100 nm were higher than that of the uncoated glass, which indicated that both SiO2 and PEG-SiO2 films had good anti-reflection properties. Among them, the 20% PEG-SiO2 film had the best anti-reflection property. The average transmittance of the 20% PEG-SiO2 film was 91.61% at the wavelength of 380-1 100 nm with 0o incidence, which was 3.37% higher than that of the uncoated glass (88.24%). The average transmittance and maximum transmittance of the uncoated glass and the film coated glass at the wavelength of 380-1 100 nm decreased with the increasing of the incident angle. When the incident angle was 45o, the average transmittance of the 20% PEG-SiO2 film was 87.06%, which was 5.92% higher than that of the uncoated glass (81.14%). The optical properties test results indicated that the PEG-SiO2 film had broadband large angle anti-reflection. To study the wettability of the uncoated glass and the film coated glass, the static water contact angle was tested by the contact angle tester. The water contact angle of the glass was 49.03o, which was 5o lower than that of the coated PEG-SiO2 film. The surface wettability of the glass changed from hydrobility to superhydrobility after film preparation. To evaluate anti-fogging property, the sample was placed 5 cm above the 100 ℃ hot water. The surface condition of the sample was recorded after 5 seconds. The SiO2 and PEG-SiO2 had good anti-fogging properties, which might be related to the superhydrobility property of the film coated glass and the condensed water droplets spread into water film, thereby avoiding light scattering. The PEG modified SiO2 film has broadband large angle anti-reflection and super hydrophilic antifogging properties, which has potential applications in solar cells, optical sensors and display devices.
关键词
溶胶-凝胶法 /
SiO2 /
PEG /
光学性质 /
润湿性
Key words
sol-gel /
SiO2 /
PEG /
optical property /
wettability
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基金
江西省教育厅科技项目（GJJ2401209）; 材料表面工程江西省重点实验室开放基金（2024KFJJ18）; 江西科技师范大学国家级大学生创新训练计划支持项目（202511318023）
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