目的 以自制的新型聚烯烃-聚硅氧烷（PAO-PDMS）为偶联剂,棉花纤维为基材,采用浸渍法合成亲油疏水性棉花纤维材料,研究其疏水性、微观结构、化学成分、耐酸碱以及耐抗磨性。方法 采用聚烯烃-聚硅氧烷的乙醇溶液为浸渍液,在室温条件下通过浸渍法制备。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱仪（FTIR）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对疏水性棉花纤维的结构和表面形貌进行表征分析,借助水接触角测定仪和高清相机研究超疏水涂层的润湿特性,并通过胶带、砂纸打磨、酸碱溶液腐蚀和温水浸泡等测试研究超疏水涂层的自清洁、耐磨性、耐酸碱性和循环再生性。结果 该疏水性棉花纤维材料水接触角可达170°,接触角滞后<3°,对重油（二氯甲烷等）的吸附量最高可达2 580%。且该疏水性材料经过8次以上的油水分离循环使用后,水接触角仅下降至149°,该疏水性棉花纤维材料通过砂纸反复打磨或胶带反复剥离20次后,水接触角仍大于150°。再者,在强酸性和强碱性环境下,处理该疏水性棉花纤维材料,水接触角分别仅下降至161°和151°。其次在温水中经过简单浸渍处理和烘干后,水接触角即可恢复至168°。结论 通过浸渍法制备的疏水性棉花纤维材料具有优异的疏水性、耐磨性、耐酸碱性以及循环稳定性,表明该疏水性材料在油水分离领域具有广阔的应用前景。
Abstract
At room temperature, hydrophobic cotton fiber materials were prepared with the impregnation method, and their wetting characteristics, microstructure, chemical composition, and durability were systematically investigated. With cotton fibers as the substrate, polyolefin-polysiloxane as the impregnation solution, and anhydrous ethanol as the solvent, hydrophobic cotton fiber materials were successfully prepared through a single-cloth impregnation process. Optimal impregnation parameters were determined via orthogonal experiments. Surface morphology and chemical composition were characterized and analyzed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Wetting behavior was investigated with a contact angle measuring instrument and a high-definition camera. Self-cleaning performance, abrasion resistance, and chemical stability were evaluated through peel tests, sandpaper abrasion tests, acid-alkali resistance tests,warm water immersion tests and oil absorption rate testing. After polyolefin-polysiloxane impregnation, the surface roughness of hydrophobic cotton fiber materials significantly increased, raising the proportion of trapped air and thereby exhibiting outstanding superhydrophobicity, abrasion resistance, and chemical stability. Chemical structural analysis revealed the disappearance of hydroxyl absorption peaks in the cotton fiber material post-impregnation, with the emergence of a C—O—Si infrared absorption peak at 1 192 cm-1. Combined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), it was confirmed that the hydrolysis products of polyolefin-polysiloxane underwent grafting reactions with the hydroxyl groups on the cotton fiber surface. This resulted in the cotton fiber surface being coated by the long-chain alkane structure of polyolefin-polysiloxane, forming a dense hydrophobic layer. Wetting performance tests revealed that the hydrophobic cotton fiber material exhibited a water contact angle as high as 170° after impregnation, along with excellent self-cleaning properties, enabling easy stain removal through simple water washing. This hydrophobic cotton fiber material exhibited an adsorption capacity of up to 1037% for light oils (n-hexane), 1 437% for aromatic compounds, and as high as 2 580% for heavy oils (such as dichloromethane). Moreover, after more than eight oil-water separation cycles, the water contact angle of this hydrophobic material decreased only to 149°, maintaining excellent hydrophobic performance. Abrasion resistance tests showed that after 20 tape stripping cycles and 20 sandpaper abrasion cycles, the water contact angle of the hydrophobic cotton fiber material remained above 150°. After 48-hour immersion in strong acidic (pH=3) and alkaline (pH=13) solutions, the water contact angle remained above 150°, indicating that its rough nanostructure effectively trapped air to maintain superior hydrophobicity and chemical stability. Furthermore, when continuous use caused the water contact angle to drop below 150°, soaking in a 60 ℃ water bath followed by drying restored the angle to over 168°. This demonstrated the material's recyclability, aligning with sustainable development principles. In summary, the hydrophobic cotton fiber material prepared via the impregnation method exhibits outstanding superhydrophobicity, durability, and recyclability, demonstrating broad application prospects in oil-water separation.
关键词
棉花纤维 /
聚烯烃-聚硅氧烷 /
浸渍法 /
疏水性棉花纤维材料 /
油水分离
Key words
cotton fibre /
PAO-PDMS /
impregnation method /
hydrophobic cotton fiber material /
oil-water separation
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基金
（2025）特种工业润滑材料研发及推广应用（1010-601001000102）; 天山英才领军人才计划（TSYCLJ2023011）; 自治区重点研发项目（2022B01047-1）
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