钛合金连杆表面TiAlN/VN多层薄膜的结构及磨损腐蚀性能研究

吴杰; 徐照英; 王佳荣; 张腾飞; 王锦标; 苏永要

doi:10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2026.08.004

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表面技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (8) : 45-53. DOI: 10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2026.08.004

腐蚀与防护

钛合金连杆表面TiAlN/VN多层薄膜的结构及磨损腐蚀性能研究

吴杰, 徐照英^*, 王佳荣, 张腾飞, 王锦标, 苏永要

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Microstructure and Wear Corrosion Properties of TiAlN/VN Multilayer Films on Titanium Alloy Connecting Rods

WU Jie, XU Zhaoying^*, WANG Jiarong, ZHANG Tengfei, WANG Jinbiao, SU Yongyao

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摘要

目的提升钛合金（TC4）连杆在摩擦学和腐蚀学方面的性能,以满足现代工程结构材料的高标准使用要求。采用磁控溅射技术通过调控调制周期在钛合金表面上制备了不同结构的TiAlN/VN多层薄膜。方法利用X射线衍射分析仪分析TiAlN/VN多层薄膜的组织结构,通过台阶仪、纳米压痕仪、多功能摩擦磨损试验机、电化学工作站等设备对多层薄膜的残余应力、硬度、膜基结合力、摩擦学和腐蚀性能进行了分析和表征。结果 TiAlN/VN多层薄膜拥有呈共格外延生长的面心立方结构,随着调制周期的减小,TiAlN/VN多层薄膜的硬度和弹性模量逐渐提高,残余应力逐渐降低,在调制周期为186 nm时具有最大硬度和最小残余压应力,其值分别为25.46 GPa和0.88 GPa。调制周期为280 nm的TiAlN/VN多层薄膜的H/E和H³/E²值最大,具有最高的断裂韧性和膜基结合力,拥有稳定的摩擦系数（0.5）和良好的耐磨性。结论 TiAlN/VN多层薄膜相对于钛合金基底拥有较高的自腐蚀电位和较低的腐蚀电流密度,对钛合金产生了有效的腐蚀防护作用,可有效延长钛合金连杆的使用寿命,可为拓展钛合金的应用领域提供理论依据。

Abstract

In order to enhance the tribological and corrosion properties of TC4 titanium alloy connecting rods to meet the high standards required for material performance in modern engineering structures. Based on surface engineering and composite multi-component structure design, TiAlN/VN multilayer films with different modulation periods are deposited on TC4 titanium alloy substrates using the microwave enhanced magnetron sputtering method. The microstructure of TiAlN/VN multilayer films is characterized by X-ray diffraction. Additionally, profilometry technique, nanoindenter, tribometer, and electrochemical workstation are employed to analyze the residual stress, mechanical properties, tribological performance, and corrosion resistance, respectively. The results show that the coherent epitaxial growth of TiAlN/VN multilayer films exhibits a classical face-centered cubic (fcc) structure. The hardness of TiAlN/VN multilayer films increases with modulation periods decreasing. The multilayer with a modulation period of 186 nm displays the highest hardness (25.46 ± 0.69) GPa in all monolithic and multilayer films, which is signiﬁcantly higher than the rule of mixture hardness of monolithic TiAlN and VN films. The trend of the elastic modulus change is similar to the hardness. Residual stress is generated during the film growth process, which leads the film to be cracked easily. The residual stress of TiAlN/VN multilayer films decreases with the modulation period decreasing, that almost all multilayers with a modulation period of 186 nm exhibit lower residual stress (0.88) GPa than the average value of monolithic TiAlN films. It is due to periodically introduction of NV layers into TiAlN layers that help to relax the stress built in TiAlN layers. The reduction of the modulation period, keeping constant the total thickness for the TiAlN/VN multilayer ﬁlms, can increase the interfaces number, more interfaces will absorb more energy from TiAlN layers and relieve their strain ﬁelds, which produces lower residual stress in TiAlN/VN multilayer ﬁlms when the modulation period is decreased. The location of the critical load L_c2 of TiAlN and VN films are 39 and 42 mN, respectively, as they are clear whole fracture indicated by scratch tracks as well as signiﬁcant zigzag curves in both scratch scan and post scan proﬁles after this load. The TiAlN/VN multilayer films with a modulation period of 280 nm exhibits smooth scratch scan and post scan surface proﬁles. Its critical fracture load exceeds 100 mN. This improved fracture resistance appears to be directly related to low compressive stress, high hardness and strong plastic. The TiAlN/VN multilayer films with a modulation period of 280 nm have the best wear resistance, stable friction coefficient, excellent toughness and crack deformation resistance due to the good combination of hardness, ductility and low compressive stress, high H/E and H³/E² ratios. In general, low corrosion current density and high polarization resistance indicate that the film material has excellent corrosion resistance. The TiAlN/VN multilayer films with different modulation periods had higher self-corrosion potential and polarization resistance than TC4 titanium alloy, while their corrosion current density is lower than that of the TC4 titanium alloy substrate. The TiAlN/VN multilayer films could significantly improve the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of TC4 titanium alloy, which can effectively improve the service life of titanium alloy connecting rods and provide the theoretical basis for expand the application fields of TC4 titanium alloy.

导出引用

吴杰, 徐照英, 王佳荣, 张腾飞, 王锦标, 苏永要. 钛合金连杆表面TiAlN/VN多层薄膜的结构及磨损腐蚀性能研究[J]. 表面技术. 2026, 55(8): 45-53

WU Jie, XU Zhaoying, WANG Jiarong, ZHANG Tengfei, WANG Jinbiao, SU Yongyao. Microstructure and Wear Corrosion Properties of TiAlN/VN Multilayer Films on Titanium Alloy Connecting Rods[J]. Surface Technology. 2026, 55(8): 45-53

中图分类号： TB383

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