目的 探究电弧熔覆工艺方法对涂层和母材组织性能的影响,优选涂层质量好、对母材性能影响小的熔覆工艺,保障产品服役安全。方法 分别采用MIG与CMT熔覆技术在液压油缸内壁表面熔覆铜合金涂层,对比研究2种工艺方法对涂层成形质量、涂层微观组织形貌、涂层耐腐蚀性能、母材界面形貌特征、母材热影响区形貌、母材微观组织形貌与母材屈服强度、低温冲击韧性、显微硬度的影响规律。结果 MIG和CMT熔覆涂层组织致密、结合良好,均无明显气孔和裂纹等缺陷。2种熔覆涂层均以α相、β相和κ相为主,但MIG熔覆层中含有大量球状和块状的母材组织。CMT熔覆层的稳态开路电位为‒0.44 V、腐蚀电位为‒0.67 V、腐蚀电流密度为4.46 μA/cm2,优于MIG熔覆层的‒0.47 V、‒0.72 V、4.81 μA/cm2。CMT熔覆试样的热影响区宽度为890 μm,低于MIG的1 025 μm;CMT熔覆试样近热影响区母材的显微硬度、屈服强度、低温冲击韧性（‒20 ℃）分别为257HV、707 MPa、135 J,与未熔覆母材相比分别下降10.5%、7.0%、17.7%,而MIG试样的分别为249HV、701 MPa、125 J,与未熔覆母材相比分别下降13.5%、7.7%、23.3%。结论 MIG和CMT熔覆工艺均对母材的组织和性能造成一定程度的影响,与MIG相比,CMT熔覆涂层的元素分布更加均匀、稀释率更低、耐腐蚀性能更好,对母材组织和性能的影响程度更小。
Abstract
Arc cladding corrosion-resistant coatings are one of the primary methods to enhance the surface performance of workpieces and extend their service life. To thoroughly investigate the effects of arc cladding process methods on the microstructures and mechanical properties of coatings and base metals, optimize the cladding process with good coating quality and minimal impact on base metal properties, and ensure product service safety, MIG and CMT cladding technologies were respectively used to clad copper alloy coatings on the inner surface of hydraulic cylinders. A comparative study was conducted on the effect laws of the two process methods on coating forming quality, coating microstructure morphology, coating corrosion resistance, base metal interface morphology characteristics, base metal heat-affected zone (HAZ) morphology, base metal microstructure morphology, as well as base metal yield strength, low-temperature impact toughness, and microhardness. Both MIG and CMT cladding coatings had dense structures and good bonding, with no obvious defects such as pores and cracks. Both cladding coatings were mainly composed of α-phase, β-phase, and κ-phase. However, the MIG cladding coating contained a large number of spherical and blocky base metal structures. The interface between the MIG cladding coating and the base metal was uneven. During the cladding process, part of the base metal melted and was involved in the molten pool, and existed in the coating as spherical and columnar structures after solidification, forming base metal "inclusions". This not only increased the coating dilution rate but also affected the mechanical properties of the coating. The CMT cladding coating had uniform element distribution and low coating dilution rate, and the interface between the cladding coating and the base metal was serrated. Its steady-state open-circuit potential was ‒0.44 V, self-corrosion potential was ‒0.67 V, and corrosion current density was 4.46 μA/cm2, which were better than those of the MIG cladding sample (0.47 V, ‒0.72 V and 4.81 μA/cm2). Therefore, the CMT cladding sample had better corrosion resistance.
Both MIG and CMT cladding processes have a certain degree of effect on the microstructure and properties of the base metal. The HAZ width of the CMT cladding sample is 890 μm, which is lower than that of the MIG sample (1 025 μm). The microstructure of the HAZ in both CMT and MIG samples is primarily composed of coarse ferrite and cementite. Notably, a small amount of Widmannstatten structure is observed in the HAZ of the MIG sample. Compared with the cladding samples, in addition to the obvious change in the HAZ microstructure of both CMT and MIG samples, the microstructure in the near-HAZ of the base metal has undergone an obvious coarsening phenomenon. The microhardness, yield strength, and low-temperature impact toughness of the base metal in the near-HAZ of the CMT cladding sample are 257HV, 707 MPa, and 135 J respectively. Compared with the uncladded base metal, these values decrease by approximately 10.5%, 7.0%, and 17.7% respectively. For the MIG sample, the corresponding values are 249HV, 701 MPa, and 125 J, with decreases of 13.5%, 7.7%, and 23.3% compared with those of the uncladded base metal. The degree of decrease is higher than that of the CMT process. Compared with MIG, the CMT cladding process has lesser impact on the microstructure and properties of the base metal.
关键词
MIG /
CMT /
熔覆 /
铜合金 /
力学性能
Key words
MIG /
CMT /
cladding /
copper alloy /
mechanical properties
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基金
河南省重点研发专项（251111222600）
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