涂层刀具表面强化技术研究现状及发展趋势

查旭明; 袭琳清; 郭运武; 李嘉晟; 陈潇; 张涛

doi:10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2026.07.008

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表面技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (7) : 81-109. DOI: 10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2026.07.008

表界面强化技术

涂层刀具表面强化技术研究现状及发展趋势

查旭明^1,*, 袭琳清¹, 郭运武¹, 李嘉晟¹, 陈潇¹, 张涛²

作者信息 +

Research Status and Development Trend of Surface Strengthening Technology for Coated Tools

ZHA Xuming^1,*, XI Linqing¹, GUO Yunwu¹, LI Jiasheng¹, CHEN Xiao¹, ZHANG Tao²

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

更高强度的新材料及更高效、精密、低损伤的新工艺不断出现,对高性能切削刀具制造提出了全新挑战。涂层刀具在恶劣热力耦合工况下面临着力学性能衰退、界面失效以及涂层剥落等问题,这些问题是导致涂层刀具磨损加剧的关键因素,而对涂层刀具进行表面强化处理可以调控涂层/基体界面结合性能、提升刀具材料力学性能,对实现涂层刀具强韧化具有重要意义。首先,综述了涂层刀具的相变强化、应变强化、高能表层强化3种表面强化处理技术的工艺原理与研究进展;其次,深入探讨了相变强化中的热处理及深冷处理工艺、应变强化中的喷丸处理工艺、高能表层强化中的脉冲磁场处理、脉冲电子束处理及激光处理工艺对涂层刀具表面力学性能、膜基界面结合强度以及切削性能的影响机制,结果表明,强化工艺参数的优选对提升涂层刀具硬度及膜基结合力等指标具有重要影响。热处理与深冷处理通过调节涂层内部应力水平和改善微观组织结构,对涂层/基体界面结合强度起到强化效果;喷丸处理可以促使受冲击的涂层表面发生弹塑性变形,产生应变硬化,提高涂层硬度;脉冲磁场处理降低了涂层内部的缺陷密度,改善了残余应力状态,提高了涂层刀具的抗剥落性能及切削性能。最后,总结了现阶段涂层刀具强化技术所面临的关键挑战,并提出了高性能涂层刀具强化领域未来的研究方向与发展路径。

Abstract

The manufacture of high-performance tools is facing challenges by the emergence of higher strength materials and more efficient, precise and low-damage machining process. Coated tools could suffer from the degradation of mechanical properties, interfacial failure and coating spalling under the severe thermo-mechanical coupling conditions, which could lead to the acceleration of tool wear significantly. Surface strengthening treatment of the coated tool could achieve the effect of regulating interfacial adhesion properties and enhancing the mechanical performance of tool material. Thus, it is of great significance to attain the strengthening and toughening of coated tool. Firstly, the process principles and recent advances in three surface strengthening technologies for coated tools of the phase transformation strengthening, strain strengthening and high-energy surface layer strengthening were reviewed. Then, the effect mechanisms of specific processes such as the heat treatment and cryogenic treatment (phase transformation strengthening), the shot peening treatment (strain strengthening), the pulsed magnetic field treatment and pulsed electron beam treatment as well as the laser treatment (high-energy surface layer strengthening) were discussed in detail. The surface mechanical properties, interfacial adhesion properties and cutting performance of coated tools under the strengthening treatments were evaluated. It was demonstrated that the optimization of process parameters played a critical role in improving the hardness and interfacial adhesion properties of coated tools. The coating/substrate interfacial adhesion properties could be enhanced by the regulation of internal stress state and the refinement of microstructure of coated tools during the heat treatment and cryogenic treatment. The hardness of coated tools could be improved by the elastic-plastic deformation and strain hardening effect during the shot peening treatment. The defect density within the coating was reduced and the residual stress distribution of coated tools could be modified during the pulsed magnetic field treatment. This could increase the resistance of coating spalling and enhance the cutting performance of coated tools. The elemental diffusion effect at the coating/substrate interface was promoted during the pulsed electron beam treatment. This could increase the thickness of the transition layer at the coating/substrate interface, and improve the bonding strength between the coating and substrate. The laser strengthening treatment could accurately locate the modified position of coated tools and reduce the surface roughness of the coating. The performance enhancement mechanisms of the coating/substrate interface after strengthening treatment could be due to the comprehensive strengthening effect of the dislocation tangle, twinning and grain refinement. The gradient organizational structure generated at the coating/substrate interface after strengthening treatment could improve the cutting performance of coated tools. In addition, it could be noted that the optimization of different process parameters had a significant improvement on the performance strengthening of the coated tool. However, there was a critical value of the different process parameters. Once the critical values were exceeded, continuing to increase, the parameter values would reduce the service performance of the coated tools. Finally, the critical challenges of the performance strengthening technology of coated tools were summarized. The future research direction and the development strategy of the high- performance coated tool strengthening technology were proposed.

导出引用

查旭明, 袭琳清, 郭运武, 李嘉晟, 陈潇, 张涛. 涂层刀具表面强化技术研究现状及发展趋势[J]. 表面技术. 2026, 55(7): 81-109

ZHA Xuming, XI Linqing, GUO Yunwu, LI Jiasheng, CHEN Xiao, ZHANG Tao. Research Status and Development Trend of Surface Strengthening Technology for Coated Tools[J]. Surface Technology. 2026, 55(7): 81-109

中图分类号： TG174

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