水泥基（超）疏水材料的制备与防冰除冰研究进展

宫淼淼; 刘建设; 丁金华; 任银霞; 何锐; 申奥; 陈鑫翼; 刘统杰

doi:10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2026.06.016

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表面技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (6) : 215-231. DOI: 10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2026.06.016

功能表面及技术

水泥基（超）疏水材料的制备与防冰除冰研究进展

宫淼淼^1,2, 刘建设^1,2, 丁金华^1,2,*, 任银霞³, 何锐^1,2, 申奥^1,2, 陈鑫翼^1,2, 刘统杰^1,2

作者信息 +

Progress in Preparation and Anti-icing/De-icing Research of Cement-based (Super) Hydrophobic Materials

GONG Miaomiao^1,2, LIU Jianshe^1,2, DING Jinhua^1,2,*, REN Yinxia³, HE Rui^1,2, SHEN Ao^1,2, CHEN Xinyi^1,2, LIU Tongjie^1,2

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

水泥基材料在西北寒旱区面临冻融、盐蚀与干湿循环的多重威胁,传统致密化手段难以长期阻断水分及离子渗透。超疏水材料凭借出色的防水性能和简捷的制备工艺,迅速成为水泥基耐久性研究的核心热点。本文综述了近年水泥基超疏水材料研究进展,阐述了荷叶效应及固体表面的润湿模型,指出增加固体表面粗糙度结合低表面能可防止液滴在其表面冻结或促使冰层脱落。归纳了水泥基超疏水材料的制备方法,主要包括表面处理（如溶胶-凝胶法、模板法、化学沉积法、层层自组装法）和整体改性（如内掺疏水剂与改性粉体）。系统对比四类表面工艺的微纳结构可控性、疏水性及耐久性;梳理内掺疏水剂/疏水粉体对强度-疏水平衡的影响规律。此外,还对水泥基超疏水材料的性能表现进行了评价,超疏水材料显著降低水泥基材料吸水率与氯离子扩散系数,实现抗冻、耐蚀、防冰三重耐久性提升。最后,本文对未来发展趋势进行了展望,以期为实现长效耐久的水泥基超疏水材料提供研究路径。

Abstract

Cement-based materials have been widely used in engineering in the northwest region. However, in cold and arid environments, the coupling effects of multiple factors such as freeze-thaw cycles, dry-wet alternation, and ionic corrosion lead to significant deterioration or even failure in mechanical properties of cement-based materials, with freezing damage being a prominent issue that seriously threatens the safety and long-term durability of engineering structures. Superhydrophobic coatings, due to their excellent water resistance and simple preparation process, have become an effective means to enhance the durability of cement-based materials.
With a contact angle of greater than 150° and a rolling angle of less than 10°, the solid surface exhibits superhydrophobic characteristics, allowing water droplets to easily roll off and carry away contaminants. Currently, the theoretical models used to explain this phenomenon mainly include the Young model, the Wenzel model, and the Cassie-Baxter model. They gradually reveal the synergistic action mechanisms between micro-nanostructures on superhydrophobic surfaces, such as lotus leaves, and low surface energy substances, laying a theoretical foundation for understanding the superhydrophobic mechanism and designing biomimetic superhydrophobic materials.
Inspired by the lotus effect, superhydrophobic cement-based materials show great promise in enhancing durability, impermeability, and corrosion resistance. However, their practical applications still face challenges such as poor wear resistance, difficulty in large-scale production, and insufficient long-term stability. Currently, the superhydrophobic modification technologies for cement-based materials mainly include surface treatment and bulk modification methods. Surface treatments (such as sol-gel methods, templating methods, chemical deposition methods, and layer-by-layer self-assembly) create micro-nano rough structures on the surface of cement-based materials and modify them with low surface energy substances, resulting in coatings with significant hydrophobic effects and precisely tunable surface structures. Overall modification involves incorporating hydrophobic agents or pre-modified hydrophobic powders internally, enabling the cement-based materials to possess hydrophobic properties from the inside out. This effectively prevents performance failures due to surface damage, enhancing the applicability and durability of the project. Various methods have unique characteristics in terms of structural control, durability, process complexity, and economic feasibility, providing multiple technical paths for the practical application of super hydrophobic cement-based materials.
Further, the enhancement mechanism and effect of superhydrophobic coatings on the key properties of cement-based materials are analyzed. Superhydrophobic coatings improve frost resistance by blockading moisture and optimizing pore structure, suppressing micro-crack propagation, and enhancing durability in extremely cold environments. At the same time, they can inhibit chloride ion migration, delay rebar corrosion, and improve corrosion resistance. In ice prevention and removal, superhydrophobic surfaces significantly improve anti-icing and de-icing performance through three mechanisms, namely, promoting water droplets to roll off, delaying ice nucleation, and reducing ice layer adhesion strength.
Currently, this material still faces challenges such as insufficient durability and environmental adaptability. Future research should focus on developing surface-bulk composite modification strategies to synergistically enhance mechanical and long-lasting hydrophobic properties; developing green, low-cost preparation processes based on solid waste resources; and expanding its applications in fields such as anti-icing and anti-corrosion. Finally, it is expected to create superhydrophobic surfaces with high cold resistance to more effectively address the engineering icing problems in the northwestern region.

导出引用

宫淼淼, 刘建设, 丁金华, 任银霞, 何锐, 申奥, 陈鑫翼, 刘统杰. 水泥基（超）疏水材料的制备与防冰除冰研究进展[J]. 表面技术. 2026, 55(6): 215-231

GONG Miaomiao, LIU Jianshe, DING Jinhua, REN Yinxia, HE Rui, SHEN Ao, CHEN Xinyi, LIU Tongjie. Progress in Preparation and Anti-icing/De-icing Research of Cement-based (Super) Hydrophobic Materials[J]. Surface Technology. 2026, 55(6): 215-231

中图分类号： TB34

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