目的 表面织构具有一定的减摩作用,然而超疏水涂层表面织构形貌对摩擦磨损性能的影响仍需进一步完善。方法 采用电沉积技术制备了镍钴氮化硅涂层,通过激光表面织构化技术在涂层表面加工出微结构;利用SEM、EDS、LEXT等手段来表征镍钴氮化硅涂层表面组织结构、元素含量、表面粗糙度及三维磨损形貌;通过光学接触角测量系统与摩擦磨损试验平台,系统研究了涂层经织构化处理后的表面润湿特性与耐磨性能。结果 通过改变激光脉冲能量密度与脉冲宽度,可以实现镍钴氮化硅涂层表面辐照区域微结构凸包形态与凹坑形态的相互演化;在工艺参数优选条件下,涂层表面成功构建了四种典型微织构形貌：W状织构（TW）、浅火山口状织构（TS）、深火山口状织构（TD）以及同轴双火山口叠加状织构（TA）。经织构化处理后,镍钴氮化硅涂层表面没有呈现脱落状态与微裂纹缺陷,显著增大了涂层表面粗糙度与静态接触角,实现了涂层表面超疏水性能的转变。并且,相对于TW、TS与TA三种织构,TD织构表面的静态接触角更高,达到155.3°。摩擦磨损测试表明：合理设计超疏水涂层表面微织构形貌有利于减小涂层表面的摩擦系数与磨损速率,在四种织构中,深火山口状织构（TD）的平均摩擦系数与磨损速率更小,分别达到0.095及11.01× 103 μm3/N·m。结论 超疏水涂层与激光表面织构的共同作用,有助于减轻实际摩擦接触、捕获磨损碎屑及减少磨粒磨损,也有助于提升摩擦进程的平稳性与磨损寿命。
Abstract
The surface texture has well-known anti-friction benefits, yet the effect of superhydrophobic coating texture morphology on friction and wear properties remains insufficiently explored. The electrodeposition has high mass transfer efficiency and fast deposition speed. Laser processing of surface micro texture has high processing efficiency, high precision, and little environmental pollution. The combination of electrodeposition technology and laser texturing technology is conducive to tapping each other's technical potentials. The environmentally friendly coatings are developed and designed, which realizes the quick development of special functional coating surfaces and meets the high requirements of modern industrial and agricultural production. In this study, Ni-Co-Si3N4 nanocomposite coatings were prepared by electrodeposition and microtextures were subsequently fabricated on the coating surface with laser surface texturing technology. The surface morphology, elemental distribution, chemical composition, roughness, static contact angle, friction coefficient and wear cross-sectional area of the laser-textured coating were examined. Through optical contact angle measurements and tribological testing, the wettability and wear resistance of the textured coating were investigated to elucidate the combined mechanism of superhydrophobicity and tribological behavior. The results showed that the microstructure of the irradiated region evolved into convex and concave features at varying laser pulse energy densities and pulse widths. In addition, a convex dome was formed on the coating surface at a low laser output power and a suitable pulse width, while a dimple was formed on the coating surface at a high pulse energy density. Four distinct textures, including W-shaped pits, shallow pits, deep pits, and pits with double concentric holes, were successfully produced under optimized laser parameters. The laser-textured coating surfaces were dense and continuous, with no observable cracks or pores. However, the surface roughness and static contact angle increased significantly, enabling the Ni-Co-Si3N4 composite coating to attain superhydrophobic characteristics. After laser texturing, the oxygen content of the Ni-Co-Si3N4 composite coating increased significantly, which was attributed to oxidation caused by elevated temperatures in the irradiated zone. Dimples formed near the laser spot center when local temperatures approached the melting point of the coating. Laser texturing improved hydrophobicity by enhancing the surface roughness (Sa) of the Ni-Co-Si3N4 composite coating. Compared to the other three textures (TW, TS, and TA), the TD texture exhibited the greatest surface roughness (1.624 µm) and the highest static contact angle (155.3°), achieving excellent superhydrophobic performance. Based on the Wenzel-Cassie's model, the air-fraction occupancy at the liquid-solid interface reached 91.9%. Moreover, the Ni-Co-Si3N4 composite coating after laser processing exhibited a higher microhardness, higher wear resistance, and improved wettability compared to those of the normal coatings. Tribological tests revealed that the microtexture significantly improved friction and wear behavior. After laser texturing, the friction coefficients and wear cross-sectional areas decreased, attributable to the ability of appropriately deep dimples to store wear debris and reduce frictional resistance. The textured coating exhibited relatively stable COF values (0.101-0.123) and the laser-textured surfaces exhibited the smallest wear areas. Among the four textures, the TD texture demonstrated the lowest average friction coefficient (0.095) and wear rate (11.01×103 μm3/N·m). This work provides a reference for improving friction and wear properties of superhydrophobic composite coatings based on investigations of Ni-Co-Si3N4 composite coatings with different four distinct textures. Overall, the synergistic effects of superhydrophobicity and surface texturing reduce real contact area, facilitate wear debris capture, minimize abrasive wear and improve frictional smoothness and wear life.
关键词
电沉积 /
镍钴氮化硅涂层 /
激光表面织构化 /
润湿性 /
摩擦磨损 /
磨损机制
Key words
electrodeposition /
nickel cobalt Si3N4 coating /
laser surface texturing /
wettability /
friction and wear /
wear mechanism
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基金
安徽理工大学安徽省矿山智能装备与技术重点实验室开放基金项目（ZKSYS202501）
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