目的 针对纯银镀层因硬度低、耐磨性差而易受热损伤的问题,通过引入石墨烯作为增强相,结合电沉积技术,在不同工艺条件下制备银/石墨烯复合镀层,系统分析工艺参数对其抗腐蚀与耐磨性能的影响。方法 通过电沉积在基体表面制备银/石墨烯复合镀层,实现石墨烯对银镀层的性能增强。先采用单因素实验,考察搅拌速率、石墨烯浓度、电流密度对镀层结构、成分及性能的影响,以微观形貌、元素含量、耐蚀性和耐磨性为评价标准,初步优化参数范围并确定工艺窗口;再通过分式析因设计结合响应曲面法,剖析各参数间的交互影响规律,最终确定最佳工艺条件。结果 电镀液温度维持25 ℃时,通过单因素实验研究银/石墨烯复合镀层制备工艺：设定石墨烯浓度0.1~0.8 g/L、搅拌速率100~600 r/min、电流密度0.5~4 A/dm2,探索最优工艺点。石墨烯浓度、搅拌速率、电流密度这三项关键参数,通过调控镀层碳含量及表面结构决定其耐蚀性与耐磨性。经分式析因与响应面分析发现,各参数间存在显著交互作用,对镀层性能的影响程度为：石墨烯浓度>搅拌速率>电流密度。结论 当石墨烯浓度控制在0.2~0.5 g/L、电流密度为1~2.8 A/dm2、搅拌速率维持在200~350 r/min时,所制备的银/石墨烯复合镀层展现出优异的耐腐蚀与耐磨性能。
Abstract
To address the thermal damage issues of pure silver coatings caused by their soft texture and poor wear resistance under high temperature or friction conditions, the work aims to propose a method combining graphene doping with electrodeposition technology to construct silver/graphene composite coatings. The regulation mechanism of key process parameters on the structure and performance of the composite coatings was investigated systematically, with the focus on revealing the synergistic enhancement mechanism of their corrosion resistance and wear resistance, and composite coatings with excellent corrosion and wear resistance were prepared.
Silver cyanide (AgCN) was selected as the main metal salt in the electrolyte because it formed a stable [Ag(CN)2]- complex to ensure stable Ag+ release during the electrodeposition process. Graphene was added as a second phase to the AgCN-based solution to prepare a silver/graphene composite electroplating system. Single-factor experiments were innovatively combined with multi-parameter interaction analysis. Firstly, through single-factor experiments, the independent effects of graphene concentration (0.1-0.8 g/L), stirring speed (100-600 r/min), and current density (0.5-4 A/dm2) on the coating performance were investigated separately. With scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), corrosion resistance (measured by potentiodynamic polarization in 3.5wt.% NaCl), and wear resistance (measured by ball-on-disc friction) as evaluation criteria, the microstructure, elemental composition, corrosion resistance, and wear resistance of the coatings were characterized, and the optimal parameter window was preliminarily determined. On this basis, fractional factorial design and response surface methodology (RSM) were further employed to systematically analyze the interactions among multiple process parameters and their synergistic effects on the performance of the composite coatings, thereby establishing a quantitative relationship between process-structure-performance and determining the globally optimal process conditions.
The results of the single-factor experiments indicated that there were optimal process conditions within the ranges of graphene concentration from 0.1 to 0.8 g/L, stirring speed from 100 to 600 r/min, and current density from 0.5 to 4 A/dm2. These parameters all affected the carbon content and microstructure of the composite coatings, thereby affecting their corrosion resistance and wear resistance. For example, insufficient graphene (<0.2 g/L) could not effectively enhance the coating, while excessive graphene (>0.8 g/L) could lead to agglomeration. Statistical analysis revealed significant parameter interactions, with the effect strength on corrosion and wear resistance being in the order of graphene concentration > stirring speed > current density. The results of fractional factorial design combined with response surface methodology indicated that the effects of three process parameters on the corrosion resistance and wear resistance of silver/graphene composite coatings were interactive. Response surface analysis showed that there was a significant interaction effect among the three parameters, with graphene concentration having the most significant impact on both corrosion resistance and wear resistance, followed by stirring speed, and current density having a relatively weaker impact.
This study identified the optimal preparation window for silver/graphene composite coatings through multi-scale process regulation and mechanism analysis: graphene concentration of 0.2-0.5 g/L, current density of 1-2.8 A/dm2, and stirring speed of 200-350 r/min. The composite coating exhibited excellent comprehensive performance under the combined effects of wear and corrosion, and its strengthening mechanism was mainly attributed to the grain refinement, shielding effect, and tribological modification caused by the incorporation of graphene. This study provides reliable experimental and theoretical support for the development of high-performance silver-based composite protective coatings.
关键词
银/石墨烯复合镀层 /
电沉积 /
单因素实验法 /
分式析因设计结合响应面法 /
微观形貌 /
元素含量 /
耐蚀性 /
耐磨性
Key words
silver/graphene composite coatings /
electrodeposition /
single-factor experimental approach /
fractional factorial design combined with response surface methodology /
microstructural morphology /
corrosion resistance /
wear resistance
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基金
国家电网有限公司总部管理科技项目（5500-202455122A-1-1-ZN）
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