目的 研究机翼典型金属构件在机械载荷与大气薄液膜协同作用下的磨损腐蚀行为,为提升飞机结构可靠性与安全服役提供依据。方法 采用薄液膜法模拟潮湿海洋大气环境,设计适配于摩擦磨损实验机的动耳衬套-垫片构件对摩副,搭建金属构件磨损腐蚀协同损伤电化学监测试验装置,开展开路电位条件下的磨损腐蚀、动电位极化测试和阴极保护电位下的纯机械磨损三组试验,基于磨痕轮廓和腐蚀电流密度计算构件在不同动作频次下的磨蚀损失分量。结果 1Cr17Ni2动耳衬套-316L不锈钢垫片构件在海洋大气环境中磨蚀的总体积损失量最高达4.10×10-3 mm3（1 Hz）,最低为2.76×10-3 mm3（0.17 Hz）。纯摩擦体积损失量在不同频率下的变化有限,其数值介于2.49×10-3 mm3（0.17 Hz）至2.80×10-3 mm3（1 Hz）之间。在体积损失的构成方面,纯摩擦体积损失在总体积损失中占据最大比例,贡献率超过60%;纯腐蚀导致的材料损失极为有限,占比低于0.3%;摩擦引起的腐蚀体积损失增量占比随频率升高而增加,最高占比可达总体积损失的4.1%;腐蚀对磨损的加速作用不可忽视,其导致的磨损体积增量占比最高达27.3%,在各类协同效应中贡献居第二位。结论 该金属构件的磨蚀失效机制主要由纯机械磨损和腐蚀引起的磨损增量共同主导,其耐磨蚀性能表现出显著的摩擦频率依赖性,在高频率工况下,各项体积损失量数值均达到最大值。摩擦频率的提高不仅直接加剧机械磨损,还通过强化腐蚀-磨损协同效应,显著降低材料的耐磨蚀性能。
Abstract
The work aims to investigate the tribocorrosion behavior of typical metal wing components, specifically the dynamic ear bushing-spacer pair, under the combined action of mechanical load and an atmospheric thin electrolyte layer, by simulating a humid marine atmosphere. This synergistic interaction between wear and corrosion can significantly accelerate material degradation, leading to reduced structural reliability and a sharp decrease in service life and representing a core issue affecting aviation safety. Therefore, this work will provide a critical basis for enhancing the structural reliability and in-service safety of aircraft structures exposed to such aggressive environments. To accomplish the objective of this work, a thin electrolyte layer method was employed to simulate a humid marine atmospheric environment. A paired articulation system of a dynamic ear bushing and a spacer, compatible with a tribometer, was designed. Furthermore, an electrochemical monitoring setup was developed to track the synergistic tribocorrosion damage of metal components. The experimental program comprised three different test protocols: (1) tribocorrosion tests under open circuit potential, designed to measure the total material loss; (2) potentiodynamic polarization tests under both static and sliding conditions, aimed at obtaining the corresponding polarization curves; and (3) pure mechanical wear tests under a cathodic protection potential of -1 V (vs. SCE), intended to isolate the contribution of mechanical wear to the total material loss. Tests were performed with a Bruker UMT-3 Tribolab tribometer coupled with a Gamry Interface 1010 electrochemical workstation. The environment was simulated by a 300 µm thick layer of 3.5wt.% NaCl solution. The tests involved reciprocating sliding over a 6.5 mm stroke under a constant load of 10 MPa, with actuation frequencies of 0.17, 0.5, and 1 Hz, to investigate the frequency dependence of the damage mechanisms. Based on the analysis of wear scar profiles obtained through white light interferometry (Bruker Contour GT-X3) and corrosion current density measurements derived from electrochemical data, the individual loss components of the material under different actuation frequencies were quantitatively calculated. The total volume loss of the 1Cr17Ni2 dynamic ear bushing and 316L stainless steel spacer due to tribocorrosion in a marine atmosphere reached a maximum of 4.10×10-3 mm3 (at 1 Hz) and a minimum of 2.76×10-3 mm3 (at 0.17 Hz). The pure wear loss varied only slightly with frequency, ranging from 2.49×10-3 mm3 (0.17 Hz) to 2.80×10-3 mm3 (1 Hz). In terms of contribution to total material loss, pure mechanical wear accounted for the largest proportion (over 60%), while pure corrosion loss was negligible (below 0.3%). The increment in corrosion-induced wear loss increased with frequency, contributing up to 4.1% of the total loss. The enhancement of wear due to corrosion was also significant, representing up to 27.3% of total loss—the second largest contribution among synergistic effects. The tribocorrosion failure mechanism of the metal assembly is dominated by pure mechanical wear and corrosion-enhanced wear. The tribocorrosion resistance exhibits strong frequency dependence. Under high-frequency conditions, all volume loss values reach their maxima. An increase in frequency not only directly aggravates mechanical wear but also intensifies the corrosion-wear synergy, thereby significantly reducing the resistance of materials to tribocorrosion.
关键词
机翼构件 /
大气薄液膜 /
腐蚀-磨损交互作用 /
摩擦频率 /
摩擦副
Key words
wing components /
atmospheric thin liquid film /
corrosion-wear interaction /
friction frequency /
friction pair
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