内燃机用热障涂层研究进展

李政道; 申晨; 郭磊; 王福德; 梁立康; 李冬青; 程玉贤; 何箐

doi:10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2026.03.001

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表面技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (3) : 1-18. DOI: 10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2026.03.001

专题——先进发动机高温防护涂层

内燃机用热障涂层研究进展

李政道^1,2, 申晨³, 郭磊^1,2,4,*, 王福德⁵, 梁立康^2,6, 李冬青⁷, 程玉贤⁸, 何箐^2,6,*

作者信息 +

Research Progress of Thermal Barrier Coatings for Internal Combustion Engines

LI Zhengdao^1,2, SHEN Chen³, GUO Lei^1,2,4,*, WANG Fude⁵, LING Likang^2,6, LI Dongqing⁷, CHENG Yuxian⁸, HE Qing^2,6,*

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

内燃机作为传统动力系统的核心装置,其效率提升与排放控制已成为学术界和工业界共同关注的焦点。热障涂层作为一种先进的高温防护技术,能显著降低内燃机活塞、气缸盖、排气系统等关键部件的温度,减少冷却剂造成的热损失,进而提升内燃机热效率和延长热端部件寿命。为了使热障涂层具有更好的温度调节能力,能够快速响应工作气体温度变化,低体积热容低热导率成为内燃机用热障涂层材料选择的重要指标。本文针对内燃机用热障涂层的应用背景、发展概况、涂层材料、涂层结构、涂层制备等进行系统综述,发现复合金属氧化物陶瓷具有低体积热容低热导率特性,可以作为内燃机用热障涂层材料的未来研究重点;在结构上,复合结构+功能层的设计有利于实现热浮动层的概念并满足工程应用;制备方法上,悬浮液等离子喷涂结合了等离子喷涂和电子束物理气相沉积的优点,是较优的内燃机用热障涂层制备方法。最后展望了内燃机用热障涂层的研究和发展方向以及低体积热容高隔热长寿命涂层的研究方法,为发展适用于内燃机的高效热障涂层提供指导。

Abstract

As the core component of traditional power systems, internal combustion engines (ICEs) have garnered joint attention from academia and industry regarding efficiency improvement and emission control, driven by the growing global energy needs and worsening environmental issues. Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs), as an advanced high-temperature protection technology, can significantly reduce the temperature of key ICE components such as pistons, cylinder heads, and exhaust systems. They minimize heat loss caused by coolants, thereby enhancing the thermal efficiency of ICEs and extending the service life of hot-end components. To endow TBCs with superior temperature regulation capabilities, enabling rapid response to changes in working gas temperature and maintaining the combustion chamber temperature within an optimal range, it is crucial for improving volumetric efficiency and avoiding problems like knocking. Low volumetric heat capacity and low thermal conductivity are key indicators for selecting TBC materials for ICE applications. This paper presents a systematic review on the application background, development status, coating materials, coating structures, and preparation methods of TBCs for ICEs. It is found that complex metal oxide ceramics, characterized by low volumetric heat capacity and low thermal conductivity, hold great promise in future research on TBC materials for ICEs. Examples include compounds such as Sr₂Ce₂Ti₅O₁₆ and K₂ZrF₆. In terms of structure, the design of a composite structure combined with functional layers facilitates the realization of the thermal floating layer concept and meets engineering application requirements. A typical structure consists of metal (with excellent thermal conductivity) + ceramic (which can be porous to reduce thermal conductivity) + functional layers. The functional layers can be tailored to specific needs. Additionally, gradient design for composite coatings—where the chemical composition, microstructure, or macro properties (thermal conductivity) of the coatings change continuously or stepwise along the thickness direction—offers significant advantages. Increasing the content of key components near the combustion chamber interface and decreasing it near the substrate interface helps low volumetric heat capacity materials store and release heat efficiently. This enhances ICE combustion efficiency and achieves a high thermal floating value. Regarding coating preparation methods, suspension plasma spraying (SPS) combines the advantages of plasma spraying and electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD). It can produce nanostructured coatings with few vertical cracks and extensive lamellar stacking, a structure that is highly conducive to meeting the low volumetric heat capacity requirement. Furthermore, TBCs prepared via SPS can effectively improve the fuel efficiency of light-duty diesel engines, providing a feasible technical pathway for ICE emission reduction and establishing itself as a preferred preparation method for ICE-specific TBCs. Finally, the paper outlines the research and development directions of TBCs for ICEs, as well as approaches to developing coatings with low volumetric heat capacity, high thermal insulation, and long service life. For instance, high-entropy design of complex oxide ceramics containing rare earth elements emerges as a promising solution. Besides, with the use of first-principles methods, the thermal physical properties of coating materials, such as thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity, can be simulated. By screening materials with low thermal conductivity and low specific heat capacity followed by experimentally validating them, the efficiency of discovering new materials that meet the requirements of TBCs for internal combustion engines can be enhanced. This review aims to provide guidance for the development of high-efficiency TBCs suitable for ICE applications.

导出引用

李政道, 申晨, 郭磊, 王福德, 梁立康, 李冬青, 程玉贤, 何箐. 内燃机用热障涂层研究进展[J]. 表面技术. 2026, 55(3): 1-18

LI Zhengdao, SHEN Chen, GUO Lei, WANG Fude, LING Likang, LI Dongqing, CHENG Yuxian, HE Qing. Research Progress of Thermal Barrier Coatings for Internal Combustion Engines[J]. Surface Technology. 2026, 55(3): 1-18

中图分类号： TG174.442

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