目的 提升军事装备在高温环境下的激光防护性能。方法 利用超音速火焰喷涂技术,在7A52铝合金表面制备一种三维网状AlN/Al复合涂层。通过X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪等表征工具,对涂层的物相组成、微观结构、元素分布进行表征。使用密度计、激光导热仪、显微硬度计及拉伸试验机等设备,对涂层的物理性能和力学性能进行测试。利用光纤激光器,测试涂层的抗激光烧蚀性能。结果 制备的三维网状AlN/Al复合涂层组织致密,AlN粒子为纳米级,且彼此相连,呈三维网状分布。涂层的厚度在64~188 μm范围内,硬度在130.7HV~201.3HV范围内,与基板的界面结合强度高于61.3 MPa。激光烧蚀结果显示,在激光辐照初期,涂层内网状AlN形成了连续的热传导通道,使热量均匀分布,抗激光烧蚀性能良好;随着激光辐照时间的延长,累积热输入超过了网状AlN散热阈值,涂层受热变形,但厚涂层中网状AlN的骨架支撑作用仍得以保持,可继续保护基板;在激光辐照后期,涂层中的AlN高温粗化呈棒状形貌,三维网状构型被破坏,涂层彻底失效。结论 较厚的三维网状AlN/Al复合涂层可保持涂层的结构完整性,从而提高涂层的激光防护性能,可为新一代军事装备的防护涂层设计提供理论依据。
Abstract
To enhance the protective performance of military equipment, a design strategy for three-dimensional network AlN/Al composite coatings is proposed in this work. These coatings were prepared on the surface of 7A52 aluminum alloy with supersonic flame spraying equipment (HVAF). The microstructure of the AlN/Al composite coatings was studied by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The density of the material was measured with a JA 2003 densitometer and the microhardness of the coating was tested with a microhardness tester. The interfacial bonding strength between the coating and the substrate was tested according to the tensile test method. The thermal conductivity of the AlN/Al composite material was tested according to the laser flash method. The ablation resistance performance of the AlN/Al composite coating was tested by fiber laser and the surface roughness of the coating after ablation was tested by KC series laser spectrum confocal microscope. The coatings exhibited a dense structure, and nano AlN particles were interconnected, forming a three-dimensional network. In addition, the coating adhered well to the surface of the substrate, the interfacial bonding strength between the coating and the substrate was higher than 61.3 MPa. The thickness and microhardness of the AlN/Al composite coating were significantly affected by the spraying parameters. The coating thickness was within the range of 64 μm to 188 μm, and the coating hardness was within the range of 130.7HV to 201.3HV. Subsequently, the anti-laser ablation performance of the composite coatings was tested on the coating S1 with the highest hardness and the coating S9 with the thickest thickness under a laser energy density of 1 000 W/cm2 respectively. The research results indicated that with a laser ablation duration of 5 seconds, due to the existence of network AlN in the AlN/Al composite coating, a continuous heat conduction channel was formed, which could make the heat evenly distributed. As the ablation time increased, the accumulated heat input exceeded the heat dissipation capacity threshold of the AlN network, causing the coating to deform. However, in thicker coatings, the skeletal support effect of the reticular AlN was still maintained, and the coating could still provide protection for the substrate. When the laser action duration was further extended to 15 seconds, the AlN in the composite coating coarsen at high temperatures and formed a rod-shape morphology. The three-dimensional network structure was damaged and the coating completely failed. The relatively thick thickness was conducive to the formation of a high thermal conductivity path within the coating, making the heat evenly distributed and effectively alleviating thermal stress concentration. By utilizing the skeletal support effect of the network structure, it can inhibit the plastic deformation and crack propagation of the Al substrate, thus maintaining the integrity of the coating structure and enhancing the laser protection performance of the coating. The results confirms that the thicker three-dimensional network AlN/Al composite coating can maintain the structural integrity of the coating, thereby improving the laser protection performance of the coating and providing a theoretical basis for the design of protective coatings for military equipment.
关键词
激光防护 /
超音速火焰喷涂 /
三维网状AlN /
复合涂层 /
抗激光烧蚀性能
Key words
laser protection /
supersonic flame spraying /
three-dimensional network AlN /
composite coatings /
anti-laser ablation performance
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基金
国家自然科学基金（52301056, 52301055）; 山东省自然科学基金（ZR2024ME164）
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