空间太阳电池阵用激光防护膜研究进展

高正源; 单贤昊; 胡洁; 孙鹏飞; 罗梓康; 张明鑫; 任重; 王帅; 冯相超

doi:10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2026.01.011

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表面技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (1) : 122-135. DOI: 10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2026.01.011

装备表面工程

空间太阳电池阵用激光防护膜研究进展

高正源¹, 单贤昊¹, 胡洁^1,*, 孙鹏飞¹, 罗梓康¹, 张明鑫¹, 任重², 王帅², 冯相超²

作者信息 +

Research Progress on Laser Protective Thin Film for Space Solar Arrays

GAO Zhengyuan¹, SHAN Xianhao¹, HU Jie^1,*, SUN Pengfei¹, LUO Zikang¹, ZHANG Mingxin¹, REN Zhong², WANG Shuai², FENG Xiangchao²

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

随着高能激光武器的快速发展,它严重威胁着航天器的安全。空间太阳电池阵作为航天器的重要组成部件,因其面积大、外露时间长,从而成为易受激光攻击的目标,亟须发展有效的防护技术。首先介绍高能激光武器对太阳电池阵的威胁,分析连续激光（热效应为主）和脉冲激光（热-力复合效应）对电池的损伤机理。其次,现有防护技术中的主动防护成本昂贵、系统复杂,而被动防护中的激光防护膜具有成熟、高可靠性和低成本的优点,重点讨论激光防护膜的设计和制备,指出材料的选择需要兼顾高激光反射率、空间环境适应性和热稳定性,基于干涉原理和矩阵导纳法对多层膜结构进行优化设计,可以使薄膜同时实现对激光波段高反射率和太阳电池阵工作波段高透射率,进一步满足空间太阳电池阵用激光防护膜应用需求。薄膜的制备以物理气相沉积技术为主,包括热蒸发、磁控溅射和离子束辅助沉积等技术,此3种方法各有优劣 ,需根据应用场景进行选择。最后介绍激光防护膜的典型应用。为了应对未来多波段、高功率激光武器对太阳电池阵的升级威胁,需研发超宽谱高折射率新材料,融合智能自适应算法,优化薄膜结构,实现多波段、轻量化激光防护膜的设计制备。

Abstract

High-energy laser weapons, with characteristics such as rapid response and high precision, can strike long- distance spacecraft, which seriously threaten the safety of spacecraft. Meanwhile, space solar arrays, the important component of spacecraft, are prone to becoming attack targets, due to their large area and long on-orbit exposure time. As we all know, the lack of effective protection will lead to damage or even failure of spacecraft functions. Therefore, developing targeted laser protective technologies has become a crucial requirement for ensuring the on-orbit safety of spacecraft.
Firstly, the damage mechanisms of continuous-wave lasers and pulsed lasers to solar arrays are expounded. Continuous- wave lasers mainly cause thermal damage through heat accumulation, resulting in material melting, electrode oxidation and structural damage to the battery. Due to their extremely high peak power density, pulsed lasers will cause changes in the surface morphology and internal structure of batteries through thermal stress. Although the damage mechanisms of different types of lasers to solar cells are different, the damage to solar cell arrays under laser irradiation is closely related to the thermodynamic and optical properties of the cells themselves. Normally, laser protection technologies are divided into two categories of active protection and passive protection. Nevertheless, active protection is constrained by several drawbacks, including high hardware costs, complex systems and the possibility of response delays. While laser protective films divided into reflective protective films and absorptive protective films in passive protection do not rely on external energy, with low cost and high reliability, making them a mature protection solution at present. Among laser protective films, reflective protective films are the mainstream technology, as they deflect laser energy to avoid heat accumulation. Limited to the low thermal stability and narrow effective wavelength bands, absorptive protective films are often utilized as a secondary method. Subsequently, the design and preparation of reflective laser protective films are introduced in detail. During the design process of reflective laser protective films, based on the interference principle and matrix admittance method, the optimal design of the multilayer film structure enables the film to simultaneously achieve high reflectivity in the laser band and high transmittance in the operating band of the solar array, thereby further meeting the application requirements of laser protective films for space solar arrays. In the preparation part, the preparation of laser protective films mainly relies on physical vapor deposition technologies, including thermal evaporation, magnetron sputtering and ion beam-assisted deposition. Each technology has its own characteristics and needs to be selected according to requirements in terms of cost, film quality and substrate size.
At present, some typical applications of laser protective films on solar arrays for different space mission scenarios are reported. It is pointed out that they not only have reliable protective effectiveness but also possess stable structural performance in complex space environments. To address the upgraded threats from multi-band, high-power laser weapons to solar arrays in the future, efforts should be concentrated on developing new ultra-broad-spectrum, high-refractive-index thin-film materials to overcome the shortcomings of traditional materials in protective bands and reflection efficiency. Additionally, it is also recommended to optimize the micro-structure of film layers and stacking methods to achieve the integration of multi-band protection. These measures will provide more comprehensive technical support for the long-term on-orbit safety and stable energy supply of space solar arrays.

导出引用

高正源, 单贤昊, 胡洁, 孙鹏飞, 罗梓康, 张明鑫, 任重, 王帅, 冯相超. 空间太阳电池阵用激光防护膜研究进展[J]. 表面技术. 2026, 55(1): 122-135

GAO Zhengyuan, SHAN Xianhao, HU Jie, SUN Pengfei, LUO Zikang, ZHANG Mingxin, REN Zhong, WANG Shuai, FENG Xiangchao. Research Progress on Laser Protective Thin Film for Space Solar Arrays[J]. Surface Technology. 2026, 55(1): 122-135

中图分类号： TB34

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