目的 通过微波预处理技术,提升低能电子束固化碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的界面性能,以增强其力学性能和耐久性;调控碳纤维表面特性,以优化纤维与树脂之间的化学键合和机械互锁效应。方法 通过调控微波功率、时间和频率等实验参数,对碳纤维进行预处理,实现其表面的可控功能化改性。采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察纤维表面的微观形貌变化,分析微纳结构的形成;利用X射线光电子能谱（XPS）分析纤维表面的化学组成和官能团变化,确定氧/碳原子比。同时,制备低能电子束固化的复合材料试样,测试其层间剪切强度（ILSS）,评估界面性能的改善效果。结果 用微波对碳纤维预浸料进行辐射处理,微波能够穿透树脂包裹的碳纤维表面,实现其表面的可控功能化改性,实验表明,采用微波对碳纤维预浸料进行辐射处理后,有效提高了复合材料层间剪切强度。预处理在纤维表面构建了微纳结构,增强了其机械互锁效应。结论 经微波预处理的复合材料的层间剪切强度（ILSS）相较于未处理样品提高了9.6%。SEM分析结果显示,纤维表面形成了明显的微纳结构,界面结合更为紧密;通过XPS分析证实了表面化学组成的改变。微波预处理通过调控碳纤维表面的化学组成和微观结构,增强了低能电子束固化复合材料的界面性能,为高性能复合材料的开发提供了新途径。
Abstract
The work aims to enhance the interfacial properties of low-energy electron beam (LEEB) cured carbon fiber/epoxy resin composites through the application of microwave pre-treatment technology, with the ultimate goal of improving their mechanical properties and durability. While low-energy electron beam curing technology has garnered significant attention due to its high efficiency and energy-saving advantages, there remains considerable potential for further improvement in interfacial performance. Therefore, this research focuses on utilizing microwave pretreatment to modulate the surface characteristics of carbon fibers, thereby optimizing the chemical bonding and mechanical interlocking effects between the fibers and the resin matrix.
In the experiment, carbon fibers were pretreated by adjusting parameters including microwave power, duration, and frequency, enabling controllable functional modification of their surfaces. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe changes in the surface morphology of the fibers and analyze the formation of micro/nanostructures. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was employed to characterize the variations in surface chemical composition and functional groups of the fibers, confirming the increase in the oxygen/carbon (O/C) atomic ratio. Meanwhile, composite specimens cured by low-energy electron beam were fabricated, and their interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) was tested to evaluate the improvement in interfacial properties.
In the experiment, carbon fiber prepregs were subject to microwave radiation. Microwaves could penetrate the surface of carbon fibers encapsulated by resin, thereby achieving controllable functional modification of the carbon fiber surface. Experimental results showed that after microwave radiation treatment of carbon fiber prepregs, the interlaminar shear strength of the composites was effectively improved. Microwave pretreatment significantly increased the oxygen/carbon (O/C) atomic ratio on the carbon fiber surface and introduced abundant oxygen-containing functional groups (e.g., hydroxyl and carboxyl groups), which provided more active sites for chemical bonding between fibers and resin. Meanwhile, the pretreatment constructed micro/nanostructures on the fiber surface, enhancing the mechanical interlocking effect.
The microwave pretreatment strategy, by modulating the chemical composition and microstructure of the carbon fiber surfaces, significantly enhanced the interfacial properties of the low-energy electron beam cured composites. This improvement was attributed to the increased chemical reactivity and mechanical interlocking at the fiber-resin interface. The findings of this work not only offered a novel approach for the development of high-performance composites but also provided valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying the interaction between microwaves and materials. The enhanced interfacial properties achieved through microwave pretreatment were expected to translate into improved mechanical performance and durability of the composites, making them more suitable for demanding applications.
This research holds important scientific significance and practical application value. The deepened understanding of the interaction mechanisms between microwaves and materials paves the way for further advancements in composite material technology. The microwave pretreatment method, as demonstrated in this work, has the potential to be widely promoted and applied in various high-tech fields, such as aerospace and automotive manufacturing, where high-performance composites are in high demand. Future work may focus on further optimizing the microwave pretreatment parameters and exploring additional surface modification techniques to achieve even greater improvements in interfacial properties and overall composite performance.
关键词
微波辐射 /
低能电子束固化 /
复合材料 /
界面剪切强度 /
纤维表面
Key words
microwave radiation /
low-energy electron beam curing /
composite materials /
interfacial shear strength /
fiber surface
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基金
吉林省教育科学“十四五”规划课题（GH24567）; 长春光华学院“励新”计划（LXJH2024013）
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