目的 激光合金化技术常用于Ti6Al4V零部件表面强化涂层制备。然而,传统制造方法需要对合金化表面进行二次光整加工,导致工艺过程复杂,生产效率低。为实现高性能Ti6AlV表面的高效性-形协同制造,提出一种钛合金表面加工-强化一体化新技术,即激光辅助磨削。方法 制备可分离式B4C涂层,将激光合金化过程耦合到磨削加工过程中去,在单次进给过程中实现Ti6Al4V磨削表面的硼碳共渗强化。结果 激光余热促进了多磨粒对重熔层材料的协同去除过程,使动态磨削加工更加稳定。与常规磨削方法相比,激光合金化磨削表面的粗糙度Sa降低了30%。激光合金化磨削可以在Ti6Al4V表面形成含有物弥散分布碳化物和硼化的重熔层。重熔层硬度达到710HV,其耐磨性远超Ti6Al4V基体。同时,重熔层可以有效地阻隔腐蚀介质与基体材料接触,加工表面自腐蚀电流密度Jcorr仅为基体磨削表面的1/3。结论 在外置B4C涂层的辅助作用下,激光合金化磨削可实现Ti6Al4V零部件表面的硼碳强化和磨削光整,该技术推动了高性能Ti6Al4V表面性能-精度协同制造向工业化迈进,并为表面抗疲劳领域提供了重要的理论指导。
Abstract
Laser alloying technology has found extensive application in preparing wear and corrosion resistant Ti6Al4V surfaces, attributed to its high production efficiency and robust coating strength. Nevertheless, the current technology mandates a secondary finishing operation on the strengthened surface, leading to a convoluted process and substantial energy consumption. Hence, this research endeavors to integrate the laser alloying of the Ti6Al4V surface with the grinding process, thereby conducting a titanium alloy surface machining-strengthening integration via laser alloying grinding. Specifically, it focuses on preparing separable B4C coatings for the boron-carbon strengthening of Ti6Al4V surfaces based on laser alloying grinding. Comparative experiments are carried out to explore the distinct advantages of laser alloying grinding in aspects such as dynamic grinding force, surface morphology, surface microstructure, and comprehensive surface properties. The combined influences of laser softening, multi-abrasive cutting, and second-phase dispersion strengthening on the machined surface quality are analyzed. During laser alloying grinding, the residual laser energy can heat the remelted layer in the grinding contact area up to 350 ℃. This high temperature softens the remelted layer, effectively curbing the increase in grinding force and ensuring a more stable grinding process. In laser alloying grinding, the softening of the material lessens the indentation depth of the abrasive grits, which remarkably reduces the groove depth and the bump height on the machined surface. The surface roughness Sa of the machined surface after laser alloying grinding is approximately 2.2 µm, representing a 30% reduction compared with that of conventional grinding (Group 2). Subsequent to laser alloying grinding, a remelted layer forms on the Ti6Al4V surface covered with a B4C coating. This remelted layer comprises a dense granular or dendritic matrix phase (α-Ti and β-Ti), with uniformly distributed carbide and boride phases in its interstices. The grain size within the remelted layer is notably smaller than that of conventionally ground surfaces. The dispersion strengthening effect of carbides and borides significantly enhances the comprehensive mechanical properties of the remelted layer. The microhardness of the remelted layer reaches 710HV, which is twice that of the matrix Ti6Al4V. The elastic modulus of the remelted layer shows a slight increase. Simultaneously, the adhesive wear of the remelted layer is suppressed, and the wear resistance is markedly improved, with the wear size being merely 30% of that of the substrate. Additionally, the boride phase exhibits excellent chemical stability. After laser alloying grinding, the dense remelted layer effectively impedes the direct contact of the corrosive medium with the Ti6Al4V matrix. The self-corrosion current density (Jcorr) of the machined surface is only one-third that of the matrix phase. The polarization resistance of the laser-alloyed grinding surfaces increases substantially. In conclusion, laser alloying grinding represents a novel study in the synergistic processing of Ti6Al4V surface properties and accuracy through boron-carbon precipitation. It improves surface characteristics such as microstructure distribution, hardness, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance, and can serve as a guiding reference for surface anti-fatigue manufacturing.
关键词
激光合金化磨削 /
Ti6Al4V /
B4C涂层 /
性能-精度协同制造
Key words
laser alloying grinding /
Ti6Al4V /
B4C coating /
property-accuracy synergistic
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基金
衢州市科技计划项目（2024K200）; 衢州学院博士启动基金（BSYJ202216）
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