荔枝皮结构Fe3Si吸波剂设计及耐盐雾性能研究

杨文飞; 任骏杰; 樊伟杰; 王安东; 张勇

doi:10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2025.18.016

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表面技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (18) : 163-173. DOI: 10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2025.18.016

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荔枝皮结构Fe₃Si吸波剂设计及耐盐雾性能研究

杨文飞, 任骏杰, 樊伟杰, 王安东, 张勇^*

作者信息 +

Synergistic Mechanism of Microwave Absorption and Salt Spray Resistance in Litchi Peel-structured Fe₃Si Alloy

YANG Wenfei, REN Junjie, FAN Weijie, WANG Andong, ZHANG Yong^*

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摘要

目的针对Fe₃Si基吸波材料电磁损耗机制单一及海洋服役环境适应性不足的问题,通过材料微观形貌调控,旨在协同优化其电磁波吸收带宽与涂层盐雾耐腐蚀性能。方法 Fe₃Si合金微粉作为原料,真空条件下分别球磨16、24、32 h获得Fe₃Si-16、Fe₃Si-24、Fe₃Si-32 3种异质结构粉体,并将其作为吸波剂制备典型吸波涂层。采用X射线衍射仪、振动样品磁强计和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）研究样品的微观结构和磁性变化,矢量网络分析仪测试样品的电磁参数,并根据传输线理论计算不同厚度反射率损失曲线评价其吸波性能,采用盐雾试验箱对涂层进行盐雾实验,体式显微镜评价不同盐雾周期下微观形貌变化,利用弓形法测试平台对不同盐雾周期后涂层反射率进行测试。结果 Fe₃Si-24样品展现出最优的电磁性能,其有效带宽达到6.94 GHz（9.56~16.5 GHz）,在2.0 mm匹配厚度下,12 GHz时最大反射率损失为-35.5 dB。样品表面形成了荔枝皮多级结构,样品在盐雾实验60 h后仍能保持最初的反射率损失特性。结论通过调控球磨时间获得一种结构新颖的荔枝皮结构Fe₃Si吸波剂,表面的褶皱结构增加其界面损耗的同时,实现了有效带宽（EAB）的优化拓展以及反射率损失衰减特性的协同强化,为海洋环境用宽频吸波材料设计提供了一种新策略。

Abstract

To address the single electromagnetic wave loss mechanism of magnetic alloys and enhance their adaptability to marine environments, this study takes Fe₃Si as the research subject. It employs dry ball milling as a technical approach to modify the microscopic surface characteristics of the material. Furthermore, it evaluates the material's wave absorption property and salt spray resistance under various processing conditions, as well as the impact of salt spray tests on its wave absorption properties. Firstly, the Fe₃Si alloy micro-powder is subject to ball milling for 16, 24, and 32 hours, respectively, resulting in micro-nano powders (Fe₃Si-16, Fe₃Si-24, Fe₃Si-32) with distinct surface morphologies. Subsequently, the phase composition, magnetic properties, and surface morphology of the resultant powders are systematically characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electromagnetic parameters of the three material groups are quantitatively measured with a vector network analyzer (VNA), and the reflection loss (RL) curves under various thickness conditions are calculated based on the transmission line theory to evaluate their microwave absorption performance. The aforementioned results demonstrate that Fe₃Si-24 exhibits the most superior performance. Specifically, when the matching thickness is set to 2.0 mm, it achieves an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 6.94 GHz (ranging from 9.56 GHz to 16.5 GHz) and a minimum reflection loss (RL_min) of -35.5 dB. This enhanced performance can be attributed to the lychee peel-like structure formed on the surface of Fe₃Si-24 during the ball milling process. This structure not only increases the contact area with incident electromagnetic waves but also facilitates the synergistic effect of interfacial loss and magnetic loss, thereby improving the material's microwave absorption properties. In addition, to assess the environmental adaptability of Fe₃Si-24 with optimal wave absorption performance, a typical stealth coating is prepared on an aluminum alloy plate substrate with Fe₃Si-24 as the wave absorber and epoxy resin as the adhesive. Salt spray tests are conducted for varying duration (0 h, 12 h, 24 h, 36 h, 48h, and 60 h). Results indicate that pitting corrosion occurs within the initial 12 hours. However, no significant uniform corrosion is observed as the salt spray exposure duration increases. Furthermore, after 60 hours of salt spray testing, the reflection loss value remains in its initial state, suggesting that this coating exhibits substantial application potential in marine environments. This work enhances the impedance matching capability of Fe₃Si alloy by modifying its surface microstructure, mitigates the trade-off effect between impedance matching and the attenuation constant, and consequently improves the overall microwave absorption performance of the material. This study provides a scientific foundation and innovative insights for designing advanced high-performance microwave absorbers.

导出引用

杨文飞, 任骏杰, 樊伟杰, 王安东, 张勇. 荔枝皮结构Fe₃Si吸波剂设计及耐盐雾性能研究[J]. 表面技术. 2025, 54(18): 163-173 https://doi.org/10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2025.18.016

YANG Wenfei, REN Junjie, FAN Weijie, WANG Andong, ZHANG Yong. Synergistic Mechanism of Microwave Absorption and Salt Spray Resistance in Litchi Peel-structured Fe₃Si Alloy[J]. Surface Technology. 2025, 54(18): 163-173 https://doi.org/10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2025.18.016

中图分类号： TB34

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