基于纳秒脉冲激光的结构化砂轮制备及其磨削实验研究

王学智; 王佳伟; 王兴超; 侯宁; 王明海

doi:10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2025.18.011

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表面技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (18) : 108-118. DOI: 10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2025.18.011

精密与超精密加工

基于纳秒脉冲激光的结构化砂轮制备及其磨削实验研究

王学智^1,2,*, 王佳伟¹, 王兴超², 侯宁¹, 王明海¹

作者信息 +

Preparation of Structured Grinding Wheels Based on Nanosecond Pulse Lasers and Their Grinding Experiments

WANG Xuezhi^1,2,*, WANG Jiawei¹, WANG Xingchao², HOU Ning¹, WANG Minghai¹

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

目的满足高效精密磨削需求,充分发挥结构化砂轮的卓越磨削性能。方法采用纳秒脉冲激光对小型电镀金刚石砂轮进行烧蚀实验,获得脉冲激光参数对结构制备的影响规律,以此为依据完成叶序仿生结构化砂轮制备。并以钛铝合金试件为磨削对象从磨削力、磨削表面质量、砂轮磨损特性几个方面深入探究叶序仿生结构化砂轮的磨削特性。结果激光参数的点重叠率为40%,线重叠率为80%,功率为20 W,进给加工扫描次数500次是烧蚀加工电镀金刚石砂轮的最佳方案。相比于普通砂轮,叶序仿生结构化砂轮的磨粒排列更为规则,磨粒利用率高,磨削性能优于普通砂轮。其中,与普通砂轮相比,叶序仿生结构化砂轮的法向磨削力在加工参数改变下,降低了11%~51.25%,切向磨削力降低了9.15%~29.88%,工件的表面粗糙度Ra降低了30.13%~65.28%。叶序仿生结构化砂轮磨削过后工件的变形层厚度比普通砂轮大,且随着叶序系数的增大而增大。叶序仿生结构化砂轮的砂轮磨损程度要小于普通砂轮,但叶序系数过大会导致磨粒密度降低,会使砂轮磨损程度增加。结论激光参数的合理设计可以提高烧蚀结构的质量、深度,使得制备出的结构化砂轮具有更好的磨削性能和更低的磨损,工件获得更好的表面质量。

Abstract

Electroplated diamond grinding wheels are characterized by high hardness, but they have poor chip tolerance, which generates significant grinding forces. They require extended grinding times, and suffer from issues such as burns and abrasive loss. In order to meet the needs of efficient and precise grinding and fully utilize the excellent grinding performance of structured grinding wheels, this study employs a bionic design concept for the blade sequence and conducted innovative design and preparation of structured electroplated diamond grinding wheels. The study also investigates the ablation of electroplated diamond wheels using nanosecond pulsed lasers, and reveals the effects of laser parameters on the ablation process. Main laser parameters that affect the laser ablation energy and the surface quality of the grinding wheel after ablation are the laser spot overlap rate, the laser line overlap rate, the laser power, and the laser scanning speed. As the number of laser scans increases, the laser focus shifts downward. Therefore, adjustments in scanning speed and focusing distance are necessary. Specifically, for every 100 additional scans, the focusing distance should be adjusted by 100 µm. A series of experimental studies show that the optimal laser parameters for ablation machining of electroplated diamond wheels are a spot overlap rate of 40%, a line overlap rate of 80%, a power of 20 W, and a feed processing scanning times of 500 times. Based on these findings, electroplated diamond wheels with bionic blade sequence structures are successfully fabricated. Then, with titanium-aluminum alloy specimens as grinding objects, and the grinding characteristics of electroplated diamond wheels with blade sequence bionic structures are deeply investigated in terms of grinding force, grinding surface quality, and grinding wheel wear characteristics. The results show that the grinding performance of bionic structured wheels with blade sequences is better than that of ordinary wheels. Compared with ordinary grinding wheels, under varying processing parameters, the normal grinding force of blade sequence bionic structured grinding wheels is reduced by 11%-51.25%, and the tangential grinding force is reduced by 9.15%-29.88%. As the blade sequence coefficient increases, the grinding force reduction effect becomes gentler. Compared with ordinary grinding wheels, under varying processing parameters, the workpiece surface roughness after grinding with blade sequence bionic structured grinding wheels is reduced by 30.13%-65.28%. However, as the blade sequence coefficient increases, the workpiece surface roughness increases. Therefore, the blade sequence coefficient should not be too large. Compared with ordinary grinding wheels, the thickness of the workpiece deformation layer after grinding with bionic structured grinding wheels is greater than that of ordinary grinding wheels, and it increases with the increase of the blade sequence coefficient. Compared with ordinary grinding wheels, the wear degree of blade sequence bionic structured grinding wheels is smaller and their life is longer. However, a too large blade sequence coefficient will reduce the abrasive density and increase the wear degree of the grinding wheel. Therefore, when designing bionic structured electroplated diamond wheels with blade sequence arrangements, the blade sequence coefficient should not be too large.

导出引用

王学智, 王佳伟, 王兴超, 侯宁, 王明海. 基于纳秒脉冲激光的结构化砂轮制备及其磨削实验研究[J]. 表面技术. 2025, 54(18): 108-118 https://doi.org/10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2025.18.011

WANG Xuezhi, WANG Jiawei, WANG Xingchao, HOU Ning, WANG Minghai. Preparation of Structured Grinding Wheels Based on Nanosecond Pulse Lasers and Their Grinding Experiments[J]. Surface Technology. 2025, 54(18): 108-118 https://doi.org/10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2025.18.011

中图分类号： TG580.6

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