电热爆炸沉积Fe基非晶涂层结构对性能的影响

李广; 王小东; 张晶; 王鹏; 石玗; 朱亮; 顾玉芬

doi:10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2025.18.008

PDF(6761 KB)

表面技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (18) : 77-85. DOI: 10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2025.18.008

腐蚀与防护

电热爆炸沉积Fe基非晶涂层结构对性能的影响

李广, 王小东, 张晶, 王鹏, 石玗, 朱亮, 顾玉芬^*

作者信息 +

Effects of Structure on Properties of Fe-based Amorphous Coatings Prepared by Electrothermal Explosion

LI Guang, WANG Xiaodong, ZHANG Jing, WANG Peng, SHI Yu, ZHU Liang, GU Yufen^*

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

目的探究电热爆炸喷涂技术在不同初始电压下对Fe基非晶涂层微观结构、界面结合强度和耐腐蚀性能的影响。方法在3种不同初始电压（10、12.5、15 kV）条件下制备Fe基非晶涂层。利用SEM、TEM、XRD和光学轮廓仪等对涂层的微观结构、物相和表面粗糙度进行了分析。Fe基非晶涂层界面结合强度和耐腐蚀性能分别采用三点弯曲和电化学方法进行了测试。结果不同初始电压下制备的Fe基非晶涂层均未出现明显晶化现象,初始电压过大或过小都会导致涂层中孔隙率的增加。初始电压为12.5 kV涂层具有较低的孔隙率（1.2±0.17）%和表面粗糙度（Ra=0.74 μm）,并且与基体实现了冶金结合,具有较高的断裂强度和界面结合强度。在质量分数为3.5%的NaCl溶液中,初始电压为12.5 kV涂层表现出较高的腐蚀电位（-0.296 V）和较低的腐蚀电流密度（7.512×10^-8 A/cm²）,具有较高的耐腐蚀性,孔隙率较低的涂层在腐蚀过程中能够有效阻止Cl^-进入涂层内部。结论在合适的初始电压（12.5 kV）下制备的Fe基非晶涂层为完全非晶态结构,具有较高的界面结合强度和耐腐蚀性。同时,研究结果为小型精密零部件的表面非晶涂层制备提供了一种新的方法及应用基础数据支撑。

Abstract

The work aims to investigate the effect of different initial voltages on the microstructure, interface bonding strength, and corrosion resistance of Fe-based amorphous coatings prepared by electrothermal explosion spraying. Under three different initial voltage conditions (10, 12.5, 15 kV), coatings were prepared with a self-developed continuous wire feed electrothermal explosion device. SEM, TEM, XRD, and optical profilometry were employed to analyze the micro-morphology, phase structure, and surface roughness of Fe-based amorphous coatings prepared under different processes. The interface bonding strength and corrosion resistance of the Fe-based amorphous coatings were tested with three-point bending and electrochemical methods, respectively. The Fe-based amorphous coatings prepared by electric explosion spraying had no lamellar structure, and there was no obvious interface between the coating and the substrate. XRD results showed that under all three process parameters, the Fe-based amorphous coatings displayed a characteristic broad diffraction peak between 40° and 50° in the 2θ range, indicating that the coatings were fully amorphous. Both excessively high and low initial voltages resulted in increased porosity and roughness in the coatings. When the initial voltage was too low (10 kV), a large number of explosive particles did not fully melt, and the particles failed to flatten and spread on the substrate. The stacked particles formed voids, leading to an increase in porosity (4.3±0.54)% and a surface with sharp peaks, which reduced the continuity of the coating. When the initial voltage was too high (15 kV), a large number of particles were vaporized during the explosion, and splashing occurred when the particles struck the substrate surface, forming pores during solidification, which further reduced the deposition efficiency. The coating prepared at an initial voltage of 12.5 kV exhibited the best results, with the lowest porosity (1.2±0.17)% and surface roughness (0.74 μm). Under this process parameter, most particles were able to flatten and spread, with sufficient energy for deformation to fill the gaps between particles, leading to a higher coating density. Three-point bending tests showed that coatings prepared at initial voltages of 10 kV and 15 kV both cracked at the interface between the coating and the substrate, whereas the coating prepared at 12.5 kV exhibited the highest fracture strength and interface adhesion strength. No transverse or interfacial cracks were observed in this coating, and the low porosity effectively delayed crack initiation and propagation. The bonding mechanism between the coating and substrate was metallurgical, with significant grain refinement at the interface. In a solution of 3.5% NaCl by mass, the coating exhibited the highest corrosion potential of -0.296 V and the lowest corrosion current density of 7.512×10^-8 A/cm² at an initial voltage of 12.5 kV. This was due to the low porosity of the coating, which made it difficult for the corrosion medium to penetrate and effectively blocked the entry of Cl^- ions, thus slowing down the internal corrosion of the coating. Fe-based amorphous coatings prepared at an appropriate initial voltage (12.5 kV) exhibited higher interface bonding strength and corrosion resistance. The results of this study provide a new method and fundamental data for supporting the preparation of Fe-based amorphous coatings for small precision components.

导出引用

李广, 王小东, 张晶, 王鹏, 石玗, 朱亮, 顾玉芬. 电热爆炸沉积Fe基非晶涂层结构对性能的影响[J]. 表面技术. 2025, 54(18): 77-85 https://doi.org/10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2025.18.008

LI Guang, WANG Xiaodong, ZHANG Jing, WANG Peng, SHI Yu, ZHU Liang, GU Yufen. Effects of Structure on Properties of Fe-based Amorphous Coatings Prepared by Electrothermal Explosion[J]. Surface Technology. 2025, 54(18): 77-85 https://doi.org/10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2025.18.008

中图分类号： TG174.4

参考文献

[1] 赵春志, 蒋武锋, 郝素菊, 等. 非晶合金的性能与应用[J]. 南方金属, 2015(2): 1-3.
ZHAO C Z, JIANG W F, HAO S J, et al.Properties and Applications of Amorphous Alloy[J]. Southern Metals, 2015(2): 1-3.
[2] 汪卫华. 金属玻璃研究简史[J]. 物理, 2011, 40(11): 701-709.
WANG W H.A Brief History of Metallic Glasses[J]. Physics, 2011, 40(11): 701-709.
[3] 李波波, 刘靖驰, 李晓强, 等. 基于电脉冲的铁基非晶薄带增材制造试验研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2023, 59(15): 247-254.
LI B B, LIU J C, LI X Q, et al.Experimental Study on 3D Printing of Fe-Based Amorphous Ribbon Based on Electric Pulse[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2023, 59(15): 247-254.
[4] SUN B A, WANG W H.The Fracture of Bulk Metallic Glasses[J]. Progress in Materials Science, 2015, 74: 211-307.
[5] WANG H Z, CHENG Y H, YANG J Y, et al.Influence of Laser Remelting on Organization, Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Resistance of Fe-Based Amorphous Composite Coating[J]. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2021, 414: 127081.
[6] INOUE A, KONG F L, ZHU S L, et al.Production Methods and Properties of Engineering Glassy Alloys and Composites[J]. Intermetallics, 2015, 58: 20-30.
[7] PAN T J, LENG Y, LIU S, et al.Wear and Corrosion Resistance Performance of Iron-Based Metallic Amorphous Coating Produced by Twin Wire Arc Spraying[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 2023, 32(16): 7556-7566.
[8] 梁秀兵, 程江波, 冯源, 等. 铁基非晶涂层的研究进展[J]. 材料工程, 2017, 45(9): 1-12.
LIANG X B, CHENG J B, FENG Y, et al.Research Progress on Fe-Based Amorphous Coatings[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2017, 45(9): 1-12.
[9] 雷少鸣, 黄艳斐, 刘明, 等. 等离子转移弧喷涂铁基非晶涂层的组织与耐蚀性能[J]. 材料工程, 2023, 51(10): 107-117.
LEI S M, HUANG Y F, LIU M, et al.Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of Iron-Based Amorphous Coatings Sprayed by Plasma Transfer Arc[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2023, 51(10): 107-117.
[10] WANG Q, HAN P, YIN S, et al.Current Research Status on Cold Sprayed Amorphous Alloy Coatings: A Review[J]. Coatings, 2021, 11(2): 206.
[11] TREXLER M M, THADHANI N N.Mechanical Properties of Bulk Metallic Glasses[J]. Progress in Materials Science, 2010, 55(8): 759-839.
[12] SI C R, DUAN B B, ZHANG Q, et al.Microstructure, Corrosion-Resistance, and Wear-Resistance Properties of Subsonic Flame Sprayed Amorphous Fe-Mo-Cr-Co Coating with Extremely High Amorphous Rate[J]. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 2020, 9(3): 3292-3303.
[13] LI C Y, QUAN G N, ZHANG Q, et al.A Novel Amorphous Alloy Coating for Elevating Corrosion Resistance of X70 Pipeline Steel[J]. Journal of Thermal Spray Technology, 2024, 33(5): 1612-1629.
[14] LYPHOUT C, NYLÉN P, ÖSTERGREN L. Relationships between Process Parameters, Microstructure, and Adhesion Strength of HVOF Sprayed IN718 Coatings[J]. Journal of Thermal Spray Technology, 2011, 20(1): 76-82.
[15] 米鹏博, 何继宁, 阎殿然, 等. 等离子喷涂制备铁基非晶涂层及其耐磨性[J]. 金属热处理, 2015, 40(3): 15-18.
MI P B, HE J N, YAN D R, et al.Fe-Based Amorphous Coating Prepared by Plasma Spraying Process and Its Wear Resistance[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2015, 40(3): 15-18.
[16] 林尽染, 王泽华, 程江波, 等. 高速电弧喷涂Fe基非晶涂层的晶化行为及其电化学腐蚀特性[J]. 热加工工艺, 2023, 52(16): 99-103.
LIN J R, WANG Z H, CHENG J B, et al.Crystallization Behavior and Electrochemical Corrosion Characteristic of High Velocity Wire Arc Sprayed Fe-Based Amorphous Coating[J]. Hot Working Technology, 2023, 52(16): 99-103.
[17] 张春芝, 尚希昌, 孙晟瑄, 等. 激光熔覆高性能Fe基非晶涂层的研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2022, 36(15): 133-140.
ZHANG C Z, SHANG X C, SUN S X, et al.Research Progress of Laser-Clad High-Performance Fe-Based Amorphous Coatings[J]. Materials Reports, 2022, 36(15): 133-140.
[18] ZHOU Z, WANG L, HE D Y, et al.Microstructure and Electrochemical Behavior of Fe-Based Amorphous Metallic Coatings Fabricated by Atmospheric Plasma Spraying[J]. Journal of Thermal Spray Technology, 2011, 20(1): 344-350.
[19] PENG Y, ZHANG C, ZHOU H, et al.On the Bonding Strength in Thermally Sprayed Fe-Based Amorphous Coatings[J]. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2013, 218: 17-22.
[20] MA H R, LI D R, LI J W.Effect of Spraying Power on Microstructure, Corrosion and Wear Resistance of Fe- Based Amorphous Coatings[J]. Journal of Thermal Spray Technology, 2022, 31(5): 1683-1694.
[21] 杨家志, 刘钟阳. 电爆喷涂技术在材料表面制备涂层的研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2008, 22(2): 82-85.
YANG J Z, LIU Z Y.Research Progress in Coating Preparation on Substrate of Materials by Wire Exploding Spray Coating[J]. Materials Review, 2008, 22(2): 82-85.
[22] 韩若愚, 吴佳玮, 丁卫东, 等. 空气中不同金属丝电爆炸的光辐射特性[J]. 高电压技术, 2017, 43(9): 3085-3092.
HAN R Y, WU J W, DING W D, et al.Optical Emission Characteristics of Electrical Explosion of Different Wires in Air[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2017, 43(9): 3085-3092.
[23] 朱亮, 张有国, 毕学松. 腔内约束电热爆喷涂涂层的形成[J]. 焊接学报, 2012, 33(2): 77-80.
ZHU L, ZHANG Y G, BI X S.Coating Formation of Electro-Thermal Explosion Spray in Constrained Capillary Tube[J]. Transactions of the China Welding Institution, 2012, 33(2): 77-80.
[24] 蒋啸林, 王燕妮, 陆辛. 电爆炸喷涂技术用于提高炮管的抗烧蚀性分析[J]. 中国机械工程, 2011, 22(20): 2494-2497.
JIANG X L, WANG Y N, LU X.Anti-Erosion Analysis for Artillery Barrel Coated by Electrical Explosion Spraying Technology[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2011, 22(20): 2494-2497.
[25] 杜新武, 宋遒志, 王建中, 等. 电学参数对电爆炸喷涂Mo涂层性能的影响[J]. 北京理工大学学报, 2010, 30(6): 639-642.
DU X W, SONG Q Z, WANG J Z, et al.Effect of Electrical Parameters on the Coating Performance of Mo by Wire Explosion Spraying[J]. Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology, 2010, 30(6): 639-642.
[26] 闫维亮, 王旭东, 周辉, 等. 电爆喷涂方法的研究进展[J]. 稀有金属材料与工程, 2021, 50(8): 3020-3030.
YAN W L, WANG X D, ZHOU H, et al.Research Progress of Electrical Explosion Spraying Method[J]. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 2021, 50(8): 3020-3030.
[27] 段鹏, 刘宗德, 张瑛华, 等. 电热爆炸喷涂WC-Co合金的电学特性研究[J]. 中国表面工程, 2003, 16(4): 27-29.
DUAN P, LIU Z D, ZHANG Y H, et al.An Study on Electrical Characteristics of WC-Co Ceramic Foils Produced by Electro-Thermal Explosion Spraying Technology[J]. China Surface Engineering, 2003, 16(4): 27-29.
[28] LEE C Y, LIN T J, SHEU H H, et al.A Study on Corrosion and Corrosion-Wear Behavior of Fe-Based Amorphous Alloy Coating Prepared by High Velocity Oxygen Fuel Method[J]. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 2021, 15: 4880-4895.
[29] CUI S, ZHAI H M, LI W S, et al.Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of Fe-Based Amorphous Coating Prepared by Detonation Spray[J]. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2020, 399: 126096.
[30] 何新宝, 吴念初, 张锁德, 等. 喷涂距离对Fe基非晶涂层孔隙影响的研究[J]. 材料科学与工艺, 2020, 28(1): 31-38.
HE X B, WU N C, ZHANG S D, et al.Spraying Distance Effect on the Porosity of Fe-Based Amorphous Coatings[J]. Materials Science and Technology, 2020, 28(1): 31-38.
[31] LAL D, SAMPATH S.Offset Bending for Interfacial Toughness of Plasma Sprayed Ceramic Coatings[J]. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2023, 469: 129786.
[32] ZHOU T, NIE P L, LV H P, et al.Assessment of Elastic Properties of Coatings by Three-Point Bending and Nanoindentation[J]. Journal of Coatings Technology and Research, 2011, 8(3): 355-361.
[33] LIU Y X, ZHANG X Y, HUANG D Q, et al.HA and Fe-Based Alloy Amorphous Composite Coating on the Surface of Degradable Magnesium Alloy[J]. Ceramics International, 2025, 51(5): 5857-5869.
[34] WANG Y, ZHANG Y Z, LIU Y T, et al.Corrosion Wear Properties of Fe-Based Amorphous Coatings Sprayed by Supersonic Atmospheric Plasma Spraying[J]. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2025, 496: 131678.
[35] LIU S L, MA X Q, ZHEN X P, et al.Effect of WC-10Co- 4Cr Reinforcement Amount on Wear and Corrosion Resistance of Fe-Based Amorphous Coatings[J]. Journal of Thermal Spray Technology, 2024, 33(5): 1601-1611.
[36] 李旭强, 李文生, 翟海民, 等. Fe基非晶涂层厚度与其爆炸喷涂沉积特性及性能[J]. 表面技术, 2023, 52(5): 140-148.
LI X Q, LI W S, ZHAI H M, et al.Effect of Coating Thickness on Fe-Based Amorphous Detonation Spraying Deposition Characteristics and Properties[J]. Surface Technology, 2023, 52(5): 140-148.
[37] 王永刚, 刘鑫, 孙亮, 等. Al-Ni复合涂层的结合强度及耐蚀性能研究[J]. 表面技术, 2022, 51(7): 176-185.
WANG Y G, LIU X, SUN L, et al.Bonding Strength and Corrosion Resistance of Al-Ni Composite Coatings[J]. Surface Technology, 2022, 51(7): 176-185.
[38] WU H, LAN X D, LIU Y, et al.Fabrication, Tribological and Corrosion Behaviors of Detonation Gun Sprayed Fe-Based Metallic Glass Coating[J]. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 2016, 26(6): 1629-1637.
[39] 杨曦, 马文, 韩继鹏, 等. HVOF制备铁基非晶涂层及其耐磨耐腐蚀性能[J]. 陶瓷学报, 2019, 40(5): 619-623.
YANG X, MA W, HAN J P, et al.Preparation of Fe-Based Amorphous Coating by HVOF and Its Wear and Corrosion Resistance[J]. Journal of Ceramics, 2019, 40(5): 619-623.
[40] QIAO L, WU Y P, HONG S, et al.Influence of the High- Velocity Oxygen-Fuel Spray Parameters on the Porosity and Corrosion Resistance of Iron-Based Amorphous Coatings[J]. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2019, 366: 296-302.
[41] ZHANG S D, ZHANG W L, WANG S G, et al.Characterisation of Three-Dimensional Porosity in an Fe-Based Amorphous Coating and Its Correlation with Corrosion Behaviour[J]. Corrosion Science, 2015, 93: 211-221.
[42] 王琳婷, 朱丽娜, 李润杰, 等. 冷喷涂和超音速火焰喷涂FeCoCrNiMn高熵合金涂层的耐腐蚀性能对比研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2024, 60(14): 117-125.
WANG L T, ZHU L N, LI R J, et al.Comparative Study on Corrosion Resistance of Cold Sprayed and High Velocity Oxy-Fuel Sprayed FeCoCrNiMn High Entropy Alloy Coatings[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2024, 60(14): 117-125.