目的 采用超声辅助化学蚀刻的方法，去除激光粉末床熔化(Laser Beam Powder Bed Fusion, L-PBF)技术成形的多孔结构表面残粉，提升多孔结构的表面精度和质量。方法 利用超声辅助化学蚀刻试验平台，探究溶液配比、蚀刻时间、蚀刻温度对粉末去除效果的影响。对比分析不同工艺参数处理后的试件表面形貌、支杆直径、质量变化。结果 超声辅助可以显著提升化学蚀刻后的表面质量;蚀刻温度在30~60 ℃范围内，试件蚀刻后的尺寸精度最高;采用溶液体积比为HF∶HNO3∶H2O=4∶14∶82，加热温度为50 ℃，蚀刻9 min，试件的尺寸精度误差可低至0.24%。结论 通过蚀刻时间与溶液浓度的合理配比，可以有效去除试件表面的残粉，提升试件的表面质量，残粉去除率达到了91.9%;通过增加酸性溶液浓度、控制溶液温度，可以将蚀刻效率提升2倍以上，同时达到有效去除残粉和提升蚀刻效率的效果。

Porous titanium alloy bone implants are extensively utilized in the biomedical field due to their superior properties. Laser Beam Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF), an advanced 3D printing technology, constructs material layer by layer, reducing manufacturing waste and enabling highly customized bone implant designs. This technology significantly enhances the ability to produce complex geometrical structures. However, the samples formed by L-PBF often retain a considerable amount of adhered powder on their surfaces, which severely affects their dimensional accuracy and surface quality. Consequently, there is a need for effective post-processing methods to remove this adhered powder. Chemical etching is a proven technique for such surface removal.