目的 研究一种将St?ber法制备的SiO2纳米微球分散在含硅溶胶体系中，在聚酰亚胺(PI，Kapton)表面制备含SiO2微纳米颗粒涂层的新方法，并利用该涂层提高Kapton薄膜的使用寿命和抗原子氧(atomic oxygen, AO)侵蚀能力。方法 用正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)在碱性条件下制备St?ber微球，用3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTES)在酸性条件下制备含硅溶胶。将St?ber微球均匀分散到溶胶中，用提拉镀膜方法在经低浓度NaOH水热处理后的Kapton薄膜表面，制备含SiO2微纳米颗粒的涂层。在束流密度为1.43×10¹⁶ atoms/(cm².s)，辐照时间为6 h的AO环境中进行模拟试验。用SEM扫描电镜和AFM原子力显微镜表征试验前后样品的表面形貌。结果 AO辐照后，原始Kapton薄膜的质量损失和AO侵蚀率分别为1.39 mg/cm²和3.17×10^?24 cm³/atom，且Kapton表面被严重侵蚀;而有涂层的Kapton样品，质量损失和AO侵蚀率分别下降为0.10 mg/cm²和0.22×10^?24 cm³/atom，侵蚀率只相当于原始Kapton的6.9%。结论 采用St?ber与sol-gel相结合的方法，提高了所制备涂层中SiO2的含量。模拟试验表明，该涂层提高了样品的抗AO侵蚀能力。此制备方法简单实用，对于长寿命航天器中聚合物材料的AO防护，具有一定的研究意义。

A new method for preparing a coating composed of micro-nano SiO2 particles on polyimide surface by dispersive SiO2 nanospheres in silica sol using St?ber and sol-gel methods was studied. The coating is used to increase the service life and erosion resistance of Kapton films to atomic oxygen (AO). Firstly, St?ber nanospheres were prepared with TEOS under alkaline conditions; then, silica sol was prepared under acidic conditions with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES). The nanospheres were uniformly dispersed into the sol, and the coating with SiO2 particles was prepared on the Kapton surface by dip coating method. Before coating, Kapton films were hydrothermally treated with low concentration NaOH. The simulation experiment was conducted in an AO environment with a beam density of 1.43×1016 atoms/(cm2.s) and an irradiation time of 6 h. The surface morphology of samples before and after experiment was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM). After AO irradiation, the mass loss and AO erosion rate of pristine Kapton were 1.39 mg/cm2 and 3.17×10?24 cm3/atom, respectively, and the Kapton surface was severely eroded. For coated Kapton samples, mass loss and AO erosion rate decreased to 0.10 mg/cm2 and 0.22×10?24 cm3/atom, respectively, which was only equivalent to 6.9% of pristine Kapton. Using the method of combining St?ber and sol-gel, the SiO2 content was increased in the prepared coating. Simulation experiments show that the coating improves the AO erosion resistance of Kapton. This method is simple and practical, and has certain research significance for AO protection of polymer materials in long-life spacecraft.