粉末渗锌工艺是一种热扩散表面改性技术，将渗锌剂与钢构件在高温条件下接触，利用原子扩散作用，在构件表面形成一层合金保护层。作为一种工艺简单、环境友好的高效表面防腐处理工艺，粉末渗锌技术可有效改善金属材料的耐磨、耐蚀和耐氧化等性能，具有广泛的应用前景而备受研究者的关注。首先分析了粉末渗锌层的形成机理，并重点讨论了渗层的组织结构;然后，综述了保温温度、保温时间以及合金元素等因素对渗层形成的影响。研究者发现，升高温度和延长时间有益于渗层厚度的增加，但要合理控制，温度过高或时间过长不仅使渗层性能变差，还会增加能耗和降低生产率。此外，通过调整渗剂中合金元素的添加量以及种类，能够改善渗锌层的性能，但各类元素的最佳添加量以及其对渗层的改性机理还有待于进一步探究。目前，粉末渗锌生产中存在效率低的问题，在渗锌工艺中应用机械能助渗技术和纳米技术，可有效提高渗锌效率、改善渗层性能。最后，结合当前的研究现状，对粉末渗锌工艺的研究方向进行了探讨。

Sherardizing process is a kind of thermal diffusion surface modification technology, which lets the sherardizing agent and steel parts contact at high temperature, and forms an alloy protective layer on the surface of the parts by the atomic diffusion. As a simple, environmentally friendly and efficient surface anti-corrosion treatment process, the sherardizing process can effectively improve the wear resistance, corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance of metal materials, et al, and has received attention of researchers due to broad application prospects. The formation mechanism of powder zinc layer was analyzed, and the structure of the layer was emphatically discussed. Then, the influence of temperature, time and alloy elements on the formation of zinc layer was summarized. Researchers have found that prolonging the holding temperature and time is beneficial to the increase of the thickness of the layer, but should be controlled reasonably. Too high temperature or too long time not only makes the performance of the layer worse, but also increases the energy consumption and reduces the productivity. What’s more, the properties of zinc layer can be improved by adjusting the amount and kinds of alloying elements. However, the optimum addition amount of various elements and the modification mechanism of the elements on coating need to be further explored. Due to the low efficiency of powder zinc process, mechanical energy and nanotechnology can be applied to the sherardizing process to effectively improve the efficiency of the process and the performance of zinc layer. Finally, based on the current research situation, the research direction of the sherardizing process is discussed.