首先详细论述了生物污损的形成过程及原因，总结了生物污损对海洋装备服役的危害，并明确指出船体表面污着生物附着问题已成为阻碍船体表面减阻技术研究的一大难题。众多研究表明，研究表面结构与功能的统一性，实现表面的高效防护与减阻是海洋装备未来发展的必由之路。调控表面的形貌参数和物理化学性能，如润湿性等，以及研发抑制微生物的附着和繁殖，研制合适的防污剂，是当前两种主要研究思路。依据上述思路，基于海豚、鲨鱼柔性皮肤快速游动的减阻原理，考察常见防污涂层（聚氨酯）这种柔性表面，引入织构减阻。考察柔性表面及织构化参数在服役条件下对减阻行为及防污着生物附着的双重调控，有望实现海洋装备在服役工况下的节能降耗。最后展望了结合抗生物附着的细菌及其天然代谢物镶嵌、接枝到海洋装备表面，从而实现驱避和对抗污着生物附着功能的研究方法。

Marine equipment plays an increasingly important role in marine economic construction and marine defense. The problem of fouling organisms on the surface of water is still a key factor restricting the service life of marine equipment. The work firstly discusses the formation process and causes of biofouling, summarizes the harm of biofouling to marine equipment service, and clearly points out that the problem of fouling on the surface of hull has become a major problem hindering the research of hull surface drag reduction technology. Numerous studies have shown that studying the unity of surface structure and function and achieving effective surface protection and drag reduction are essential for the future development of marine equipment. The current two main research ideas are to regulate the physical and chemical properties of the surface, such as wettability and surface topography and to develop suitable antifouling agents for inhibiting the attachment and propagation of microorganisms. According to the above ideas, based on the principle of drag reduction of dolphins and sharks flexible skin, the flexible surface of common antifouling coating (polyurethane) was investigated, and the drag reduction by texture was introduced. Investigating the dual regulation of flexible surface and texture parameters on drag reduction behavior and anti-fouling bio-adhesion under service conditions is expected to achieve energy saving and consumption reduction of marine equipment under service conditions. At the end, the research methods of combining anti-biofouling bacteria and natural metabolites into the surface of marine equipment to achieve the function of repelling and resisting the adhesion of organisms are proposed.