Two kinds of 5mmol/L 1-tetradecylphosphonic acid(TDPA) solutions were prepared using absolute ethyl alcohol and a mixture of absolute ethyl alcohol and distilled water as the solvent respectively. Then TDPA SAMs(self-assembledmonolayers)were formed on 2024 aluminum alloy surface by immersion in these two solutions. The corrosion inhibition performance of TDPA SAMs prepared in different solvent for the 2024 aluminum alloy in the Harrison solutions was investigated by contact angle, potentiodynamic scan, EIS(electrochemical impedance spectrum) and corrosion morphology analysis. And the influence mechanism of water in the solvent on the self-assembly behavior and the corrosion inhibition performance of the inhibitor molecules were discussed also.