Research Progress on Surface Treatment Technology of Medical Titanium Alloys

TAN Rongkai; LIU Hongfeng; BAO Lin; ZHANG Liusheng; YANG Shide; SHU Shengrong; LI Guanlin

doi:10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2026.20.015

PDF(54871 KB)

Surface Technology ›› 2026, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (20) : 201-228. DOI: 10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2026.20.015

Functional Surfaces and Technology

Research Progress on Surface Treatment Technology of Medical Titanium Alloys

TAN Rongkai^1,*, LIU Hongfeng¹, BAO Lin², ZHANG Liusheng¹, YANG Shide¹, SHU Shengrong¹, LI Guanlin¹

Author information +

History +

Abstract

Medical titanium alloys have become essential materials for orthopedic and dental implants thanks to their excellent specific strength, biocompatibility, and corrosion resistance. However, when deployed in complex physiological environments for extended periods, these implants encounter multiple challenges, including friction and wear, corrosion failure, fatigue damage, insufficient osseointegration, and bacterial infection, that severely restrict their long-term stability and service life. To address these problems, surface treatment technologies have emerged as one of the most effective methods to improve the comprehensive service performance of titanium alloys by precisely controlling the morphology, composition, and structure of the material surface layer. This article focuses on orthopedic load-bearing implants (artificial joints, bone plates and screws, and dental implants) and systematically reviews three major categories of surface modification techniques.
Surface texturing technologies, such as laser surface texturing, chemical etching, and sandblasting, construct micro- and nano-scale morphologies on the surface. Laser surface texturing, particularly ultra-short pulse laser processing, can fabricate high-precision, designable micro-grooves or micro-pit arrays within a minimal heat-affected zone. These structures provide physical anchorage sites for cell adhesion, promote osteoblast differentiation, and simultaneously function as lubricant reservoirs and debris traps at the friction interface, reducing the friction coefficient and wear rate by 55%-90%. Chemical etching uses acid or alkali solutions to create uniform micro-nano porous structures, substantially enhancing biological activity with mineralization capacity improved by up to 230%. Sandblasting combined with acid etching (SLA) can further improve bioactivity and antibacterial ability. The key advantage lies in achieving multifunctional synergy of friction reduction, osseointegration promotion, and antibacterial performance through geometric design without altering the bulk composition.
Surface coating technologies, including physical vapor deposition (PVD), micro-arc oxidation (MAO), and plasma spraying, deposit functional layers onto the substrate, directly endowing the surface with new properties. PVD can produce dense, high-hardness coatings such as zirconium nitride and titanium nitride, delivering hardness improvements of up to 91%. MAO forms a firmly adherent, porous TiO₂-based ceramic layer that simultaneously incorporates bioactive or antibacterial elements such as calcium, phosphorus, silver, and zinc, reducing the friction coefficient to as low as 0.2. Plasma spraying is commonly used to deposit hydroxyapatite coatings for bone tissue ingrowth, and tantalum coatings prepared by this method exhibit particularly outstanding comprehensive performance. The advantage of surface coating lies in directly imparting wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and bioactivity to the implant surface.
Surface microstructure strengthening technologies, including laser shock peening (LSP), shot peening (SP), and ion implantation, fundamentally enhance material performance by introducing residual compressive stress and refining surface grains. LSP generates a deep compressive stress field reaching several hundred micrometers, significantly improving the fatigue life by nearly threefold and reducing the corrosion current density fourfold. SP combined with plasma nitriding can reduce the wear rate by up to 98%. Ion implantation enables precise doping of functional elements such as N for hardness, Cu and Ag for antibacterial performance, and Ta and Zr for corrosion resistance, while maintaining a metallurgical bond between the modified layer and the substrate.
Despite significant progress in this field, a critical underlying challenge remains: the desired functions do not always reinforce one another. High surface roughness or porous structures that promote cell adhesion and bone ingrowth may simultaneously create favorable sites for bacterial colonization. For doped antibacterial ions, the effective concentration operates within a narrow safety window relative to cytotoxicity. The densification of coatings beneficial for corrosion resistance may compromise bioactivity, just as higher porosity enhances bone ingrowth at the expense of corrosion protection. Therefore, future development should identify optimal parameter windows that achieve dynamic multifunctional balance. Key trends include multi-field coupled hybrid processes, intelligent parameter optimization driven by machine learning, environmentally benign surface chemistries, and rigorous long-term in vivo validation to bridge the gap between laboratory research and clinical translation. The differentiated requirements for distinct implant types further underscore the need for application-specific design strategies, including wear-resistant coatings with deep strengthening for artificial joints, fatigue resistance with osteogenic bioactivity for bone plates and screws, and antibacterial function with early osseointegration for dental implants.

Key words

medical titanium alloy / surface treatment technologies / surface texture / surface coating / surface tissue strengthening

Cite this article

EndNote

Ris (Procite)

Bibtex

Download Citations

TAN Rongkai, LIU Hongfeng, BAO Lin, ZHANG Liusheng, YANG Shide, SHU Shengrong, LI Guanlin. Research Progress on Surface Treatment Technology of Medical Titanium Alloys[J]. Surface Technology. 2026, 55(20): 201-228

References

[1] 于振涛, 张明华, 余森, 等. 中国医疗器械用钛合金材料研发、生产与应用现状分析[J]. 中国医疗器械信息, 2012, 18(7): 1-8.
YU Z T, ZHANG M H, YU S, et al.Analysis of R & D, Production and Application of Biomedical Ti Alloys Materials Applied in Medical Devices of China[J]. China Medical Device Information, 2012, 18(7): 1-8.
[2] 于振涛, 余森, 张明华, 等. 外科植入物用新型医用钛合金材料设计、开发与应用现状及进展[J]. 中国材料进展, 2010, 29(12): 35-51.
YU Z T, YU S, ZHANG M H, et al.Design, Development and Application of Novel Biomedical Ti Alloy Materials Applied in Surgical Implants[J]. Materials China, 2010, 29(12): 35-51.
[3] KACSÓ A B, PETER I.A Review of Past Research and Some Future Perspectives Regarding Titanium Alloys in Biomedical Applications[J]. Journal of Functional Biomaterials, 2025, 16(4): 144.
[4] 杨钞. 激光冲击强化医用TA3植入体摩擦磨损及力学性能研究[D]. 广州: 广东工业大学, 2021.
YANG (C/M). Study on friction and wear and mechanical properties of TA3 implants strengthened by laser shock[D]. Guangzhou: Guangdong University of Technology, 2021.
[5] MURR L E.Metallurgy Principles Applied to Powder Bed Fusion 3D Printing/Additive Manufacturing of Personalized and Optimized Metal and Alloy Biomedical Implants: An Overview[J]. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 2020, 9(1): 1087-1103.
[6] OMRAN A N, ALI M M, KH M M. Biocompatibility, Corrosion,Wear Resistance of β Titanium Alloys for Biomedical Applications[J]. Applied Physics A, 2020, 126(12): 942.
[7] LI Y H, YANG C, ZHAO H D, et al.New Developments of Ti-Based Alloys for Biomedical Applications[J]. Materials, 2014, 7(3): 1709-1800.
[8] ABD-ELAZIEM W, DARWISH M A, HAMADA A, et al.Titanium-Based Alloys and Composites for Orthopedic Implants Applications: A Comprehensive Review[J]. Materials & Design, 2024, 241: 112850.
[9] DENNIA PEREZ D A, ISABEL CHAVES S C, BRUNO HENRIQUE G, et al. In Vitro Genotoxic Study Reinforces the Use of Titanium-35niobium Alloy in Biomedical Implants[J]. International Journal of Oral and Craniofacial Science, 2020, 6(1): 8-15.
[10] 于振涛, 韩建业, 麻西群, 等. 生物医用钛合金材料的生物及力学相容性[J]. 中国组织工程研究, 2013, 17(25): 4707-4714.
YU Z T, HAN J Y, MA X Q, et al.Biological and Mechanical Compatibility of Biomedical Titanium Alloy Materials[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2013, 17(25): 4707-4714.
[11] VISHNU J, MANIVASAGAM G.Surface Modification and Biological Approaches for Tackling Titanium Wear-Induced Aseptic Loosening[J]. Journal of Bio- and Tribo-Corrosion, 2021, 7(1): 32.
[12] NIKAM N, SHENOY B S, K N C, et al. Advancements in Surface Coatings for Enhancing Longevity in Hip Implants: A Review[J]. Prosthesis, 2025, 7(1): 21.
[13] 范竞一, 马迅, 李伟, 等. 医用钛合金表面改性技术研究进展[J]. 功能材料, 2022, 53(7): 7027-7039.
FAN J Y, MA X, LI W, et al.Research Progress of Surface Modification Technology of Biomedical Titanium Alloy[J]. Journal of Functional Materials, 2022, 53(7): 7027-7039.
[14] ZHOU X, ZHOU E Z, WANG Y L, et al.Cu Alloying Enabling Dual Biocorrosion Suppression and Fatigue Crack Mitigation in SLM-Processed Titanium Implants with Retained Osteogenic Activity[J]. Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 2026, 247: 95-108.
[15] 崔振铎, 朱家民, 姜辉, 等. Ti及钛合金表面改性在生物医用领域的研究进展[J]. 金属学报, 2022, 58(7): 837-856.
CUI Z D, ZHU J M, JIANG H, et al.Research Progress of the Surface Modification of Titanium and Titanium Alloys for Biomedical Application[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica, 2022, 58(7): 837-856.
[16] AZMAT A, ASRAR S, CHANNA I A, et al.Comparative Study of Biocompatible Titanium Alloys Containing Non-Toxic Elements for Orthopedic Implants[J]. Crystals, 2023, 13(3): 467.
[17] 王英杰, 王梦雪, 曹语, 等. 表面处理技术对牙种植体骨结合影响的研究进展[J]. 中国口腔种植学杂志, 2025, 30(4): 405-411.
WANG Y J, WANG M X, CAO Y, et al.Research Progress on the Effect of Surface Treatment on Osseointegration of Dental Implants[J]. Chinese Journal of Oral Implantology, 2025, 30(4): 405-411.
[18] 秦立果, 杨浩, 刘斌, 等. 织构化表面改性及其在生物材料上的应用[J]. 表面技术, 2018, 47(9): 1-11.
QIN L G, YANG H, LIU B, et al.Surface Texturing Modification and Its Effect on Biomaterials[J]. Surface Technology, 2018, 47(9): 1-11.
[19] BUTT H, NISSIM L, GAO L M, et al.Transient Mixed Lubrication Model of the Human Knee Implant[J]. Biosurface and Biotribology, 2021, 7(4): 206-218.
[20] 赵立新, 章宝玲, 刘洋, 等. 基于表面织构技术改善摩擦学性能的研究进展[J]. 摩擦学学报, 2022, 42(1): 202-224.
ZHAO L X, ZHANG B L, LIU Y, et al.State of the Art for Improving Tribological Performance Based on of Surface Texturing Technology[J]. Tribology, 2022, 42(1): 202-224.
[21] GAIKWAD A, VÁZQUEZ-MARTÍNEZ J M, SALGUERO J, et al. Tribological Properties of Ti₆Al₄V Titanium Textured Surfaces Created by Laser: Effect of Dimple Density[J]. Lubricants, 2022, 10(7): 138.
[22] YANG C J, MEI X S, TIAN Y L, et al.Modification of Wettability Property of Titanium by Laser Texturing[J]. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2016, 87(5): 1663-1670.
[23] PALLARÉS-ALDEITURRIAGA D, PAPA S, ABOU KHALIL A, et al. Influence of Multi-Wavelength Ultrafast Laser Texturing and Autoclave Sterilization on Titanium Alloy-Based Surface Wettability[J]. Applied Physics A, 2022, 128(10): 894.
[24] 李林祥, 黄艳斐, 邢志国, 等. 超快激光制备仿生织构研究进展[J]. 中国表面工程, 2023, 36(3): 1-21.
LI L X, HUANG Y F, XING Z G, et al.Research Progress of Ultrafast Laser Fabrication of Biomimetic Textures[J]. China Surface Engineering, 2023, 36(3): 1-21.
[25] WU S Y, WANG Y H, JIANG X D, et al.Bioinspired Femtosecond Laser Surface Texturing for Enhancing Tribological Properties of Ti₆Al₄V Titanium Alloy[J]. Tribology International, 2026, 213: 110987.
[26] WANG C C, TIAN P P, CAO H, et al.Enhanced Biotribological and Anticorrosion Properties and Bioactivity of Ti₆Al₄V Alloys with Laser Texturing[J]. ACS Omega, 2022, 7(35): 31081-31097.
[27] SHABIR S, SHARMA M D.Tribological Behaviour of Laser Textured Ti₃AlV 2.5V Alloy under Simulated Body Fluid[J]. Tribology International, 2024, 200: 110076.
[28] VELAYUTHAPERUMAL S, RADHAKRISHNAN R.A Novel Nanosecond Pulsed Laser Textured Moat Configurations for Enhancing Surface Wettability, Corrosion and Tribology Behaviour of Ti₆Al₄V Implant Material[J]. Materials Today Communications, 2024, 39: 108701.
[29] LI H Y, WANG X, ZHANG J J, et al.Experimental Investigation of Laser Surface Texturing and Related Biocompatibility of Pure Titanium[J]. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2022, 119(9): 5993-6005.
[30] COSTA M M, MIRANDA A, BARTOLOMEU F, et al.NiTi Laser Textured Implants with Improved in Vivo Osseointegration: An Experimental Study in Rats[J]. Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 2022, 114: 120-130.
[31] BELTRÁN A M, GINER M, RODRÍGUEZ Á, et al. Influence of Femtosecond Laser Modification on Biomechanical and Biofunctional Behavior of Porous Titanium Substrates[J]. Materials, 2022, 15(9): 2969.
[32] 何婉盈, 姚鹏, 褚东凯, 等. 钛表面微凹凸织构的激光加工及其细胞黏附研究[J]. 中国激光, 2022, 49(10): 1002605.
HE W Y, YAO P, CHU D K, et al.Fabrication and Cell-Adhesion Evaluation of Laser-Ablated Microprotrusion or Microgroove on Titanium[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2022, 49(10): 1002605.
[33] NIKAM M, MANE S, JADHAV S, et al.Influence of Micro-Textures on Wettability and Antibacterial Behavior of Titanium Surfaces Against S. Aureus and E. Coli: In Vitro Studies[J]. International Journal on Interactive Design and Manufacturing (IJIDeM), 2025, 19(2): 1101-1112.
[34] SCHWEITZER L, SCHOON J, BLÄß N, et al.Ultraviolet Laser Induced Periodic Surface Structures Positively Influence Osteogenic Activity on Titanium Alloys[J]. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 2024, 12: 1462232.
[35] KRZYWICKA M, SZYMAŃSKA J, TOFIL S, et al. Surface Properties of Ti₆Al₇Nb Alloy: Surface Free Energy and Bacteria Adhesion[J]. Journal of Functional Biomaterials, 2022, 13(1): 26.
[36] PAN X L, HE W F, CAI Z B, et al.Investigations on Femtosecond Laser-Induced Surface Modification and Periodic Micropatterning with Anti-Friction Properties on Ti₆Al₄V Titanium Alloy[J]. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics, 2022, 35(4): 521-537.
[37] 王继强, 徐艳桦, 高蕴礼, 等. 纳秒激光加工金属疏水性能转变的环保处理方式及机理[J]. 中国表面工程, 2025, 38(4): 42-63.
WANG J Q, XU Y H, GAO Y L, et al.Environmentally Friendly Method and Mechanism for Transforming the Hydrophobic Properties of Metals via Nanosecond Laser Processing[J]. China Surface Engineering, 2025, 38(4): 42-63.
[38] YUAN P Y, CHEN M, LU X T, et al.Application of Advanced Surface Modification Techniques in Titanium- Based Implants: Latest Strategies for Enhanced Antibacterial Properties and Osseointegration[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry B, 2024, 12(41): 10516-10549.
[39] NAZAROV D, RUDAKOVA A, BORISOV E, et al.Surface Modification of Additively Manufactured Nitinol by Wet Chemical Etching[J]. Materials, 2021, 14(24): 7683.
[40] TRUEBA P, NAVARRO C, GINER M, et al.Approach to the Fatigue and Cellular Behavior of Superficially Modified Porous Titanium Dental Implants[J]. Materials, 2022, 15(11): 3903.
[41] DOI K, KOBATAKE R, MAKIHARA Y, et al.The Development of Novel Bioactive Porous Titanium as a Bone Reconstruction Material[J]. RSC Advances, 2020, 10(38): 22684-22690.
[42] WANG D, HE G, TIAN Y, et al.Dual Effects of Acid Etching on Cell Responses and Mechanical Properties of Porous Titanium with Controllable Open-Porous Structure[J]. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials, 2020, 108(6): 2386-2395.
[43] AHMADIYAN S, KHALIL-ALLAFI J, ETMINANFAR M R, et al.Antibacterial Activity and Biocompatibility of Ag-Coated Ti Implants: Importance of Surface Modification Parameters[J]. Transactions of the IMF, 2022, 100(2): 93-102.
[44] CORDEIRO J M, PIRES J M, SOUZA J G S, et al. Optimizing Citric Acid Protocol to Control Implant- Related Infections: An in Vitro and in Situ Study[J]. Journal of Periodontal Research, 2021, 56(3): 558-568.
[45] ARAYA M, JÄRVENPÄÄ A, RAUTIO T, et al. In-Vivo and Ex-Vivo Evaluation of Bio-Inspired Structures Fabricated via PBF-LB for Biomedical Applications[J]. Materials Today Bio, 2025, 31: 101450.
[46] DE LA ROSA J E, GUTIÉRREZ E D, TORRES Y, et al. Surface Modification of Titanium Dental Implant by Hydrofluoric Acid and an Organic Inhibitor Etching[C]// Recent Advances and Emerging Challenges in STEM. Cham: Springer, 2024: 47-56.
[47] NÁDAI L, KATONA B, TERDIK A, et al. Chemical Etching of Titanium Samples[J]. Periodica Polytechnica Mechanical Engineering, 2013, 57(2): 53.
[48] RUTKUNAS V, BUKELSKIENE V, SABALIAUSKAS V, et al.Assessment of Human Gingival Fibroblast Interaction with Dental Implant Abutment Materials[J]. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 2015, 26(4): 169.
[49] OSAK P, MASZYBROCKA J, ZUBKO M, et al.Influence of Sandblasting Process on Tribological Properties of Titanium Grade 4 in Artificial Saliva for Dentistry Applications[J]. Materials, 2021, 14(24): 7536.
[50] OSAK P, ZUBKO M, KUBISZTAL J, et al.Effect of Sandblasting on the Long-Term Corrosion Resistance of Ti G4 in Artificial Saliva[J]. Materials Proceedings, 2021, 6(1): 5.
[51] WANG J, YANG B H, GUO S, et al.Manufacture of Titanium Alloy Materials with Bioactive Sandblasted Surfaces and Evaluation of Osseointegration Properties[J]. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 2023, 11: 1251947.
[52] 容明灯, 周磊. 钛种植体表面处理方法的研究新进展[J]. 广东牙病防治, 2007, 15(10): 476-478.
RONG M D, ZHOU L.Research Progress on Surface Treatment Methods of Titanium Implants[J]. Journal of Dental Prevention and Treatment, 2007, 15(10): 476-478.
[53] GIL F J, PÉREZ R A, OLMOS J, et al. The Effect of Using Al₂O₃ and TiO₂ in Sandblasting of Titanium Dental Implants[J]. Journal of Materials Research, 2022, 37(16): 2604-2613.
[54] BOK W M, KIM S Y, LEE S J, et al.Surface Characteristics and Bioactivation of Sandblasted and Acid-Etched (SLA) Ti-10Nb-10Ta Alloy for Dental Implant[J]. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing, 2015, 16(10): 2185-2192.
[55] LIU X, NIU Y M, XIE W L, et al.Comparative Investigations Ofin Vitroandin Vivobioactivity of titaniumvs Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn Alloy before and after Sandblasting and Acid Etching[J]. RSC Advances, 2020, 10(40): 23582-23591.
[56] 汪汉池. 种植体表面改性对不同细菌生物膜影响的研究[D]. 长春: 吉林大学, 2020.
WANG H C.Research on the Effects of Implant Surface Modification on Different Bacterial Biofilms[D]. Changchun: Jilin University, 2020.
[57] ZAYNULLINA L I, FARRAKHOV R G, RAMAZANOV I A, et al.Impact of Sandblasting and Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation on Surface Quality of Dental Implants[J]. Sovremennye Tehnologii v Medicine, 2023, 15(6): 40.
[58] ARIAS-MAINER C, ROMERO-GAVILÁN F, CERQU EIRA A, et al. Combining Sandblasting and Pink Anodisation of Ti Implants as a Promising Method for Improving Fibroblast Adhesion and Immune Response[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry B, 2024, 12(35): 8778-8790.
[59] YUDA A W, SUPRIADI S, SARAGIH A S.Surface Modification of Ti-Alloy Based Bone Implant by Sandblasting[J]. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2019, 2193(1): 020015.
[60] 李龙, 刘会云, 张心金, 等. 金属复合板表面处理技术的研究现状及发展[J]. 表面技术, 2012, 41(5): 124-128.
LI L, LIU H Y, ZHANG X J, et al.Research Status and Progress on Surface Preparation of Clad Metal Plates[J]. Surface Technology, 2012, 41(5): 124-128.
[61] FAROOQ M U, ALI BHATTI H, ASAD M, et al.Surface Generation on Titanium Alloy through Powder- Mixed Electric Discharge Machining with the Focus on Bioimplant Applications[J]. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2022, 122(3): 1395-1411.
[62] NAURYZ N, OMAROV S, KENESSOVA A, et al.Powder-Mixed Micro-Electro-Discharge Machining- Induced Surface Modification of Titanium Alloy for Antibacterial Properties[J]. Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing, 2023, 7(6): 214.
[63] CHEN C Y, FENG P F, FENG F, et al.Micro/Nano- Surface Modification of Titanium Implant Enhancing Wear Resistance and Biocompatibility[J]. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 2024, 276: 109385.
[64] LI T, MENG Y, DONG X Y, et al.Fabrication of Micro-Nano Composite Textures on Joint Implant Surfaces and Their Bio-Tribological Performance[J]. Surfaces and Interfaces, 2025, 73: 107497.
[65] ZIEGELMEYER T, MARTINS DE SOUSA K, LIAO T Y, et al. Multifunctional Micro/Nano-Textured Titanium with Bactericidal, Osteogenic, Angiogenic and Anti- Inflammatory Properties: Insights from in Vitro and in Vivo Studies[J]. Materials Today Bio, 2025, 32: 101710.
[66] 张艺嘉, 潘永智, 王振达, 等. 医用钛植入体激光微纹理生物性能研究进展[J]. 表面技术, 2023, 52(6): 180-195.
ZHANG Y J, PAN Y Z, WANG Z D, et al.Research Progress of Biological Properties of Medical Titanium Implants with Laser Micro Texture[J]. Surface Technology, 2023, 52(6): 180-195.
[67] WU Z, BAO H, XING Y Q, et al.Tribological Characteristics and Advanced Processing Methods of Textured Surfaces: A Review[J]. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2021, 114(5): 1241-1277.
[68] 龙雨, 陈旭, 蒋佶岩, 等. 超快激光陶瓷抛光和纹理加工技术的研究进展[J]. 航空制造技术, 2022, 65(S2): 50-62.
LONG Y, CHEN X, JIANG J Y, et al.Research Progress of Ultrafast Laser Ceramic Polishing and Texturing Technology[J]. Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology, 2022, 65(S2): 50-62.
[69] 唐萍, 江少群, 王刚. 骨植入医用钛合金表面改性涂层研究进展[J]. 中国材料进展, 2021, 40(8): 631-638.
TANG P, JIANG S Q, WANG G.Research Progress of Surface Modification Coatings on Titanium Alloys for Bone Implants[J]. Materials China, 2021, 40(8): 631-638.
[70] GEETHA M, SINGH A K, ASOKAMANI R, et al.Ti Based Biomaterials, the Ultimate Choice for Orthopaedic Implants-a Review[J]. Progress in Materials Science, 2009, 54(3): 397-425.
[71] WILLIAMS D F.Titanium as a Metal for Implantation Part 1: Physical Properties[J]. Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology, 1977, 1(4): 195-198.
[72] ZHANG Y, YUAN Y, YANG K.Surface Modification of Titanium and Titanium Alloys: Technologies and Biomedical Applications[J]. J Mater Eng Perform, 2020, 29(5): 3241-3257.
[73] 白雪寒, 范林, 赵铭钰, 等. 医用钛及钛合金表面涂层研究进展[J]. 钛工业进展, 2022, 39(3): 33-40.
BAI X H, FAN L, ZHAO M Y, et al.Research Progress of Surface Coatings on Medical Titanium Alloys[J]. Titanium Industry Progress, 2022, 39(3): 33-40.
[74] ABAKAY E, ARMAĞAN M, YıLDıRAN AVCU Y, et al. Advances in Improving Tribological Performance of Titanium Alloys and Titanium Matrix Composites for Biomedical Applications: A Critical Review[J]. Frontiers in Materials, 2024, 11: 1452288.
[75] FUENTES E, ALVES S, LÓPEZ-ORTEGA A, et al. Advanced Surface Treatments on Titanium and Titanium Alloys Focused on Electrochemical and Physical Technologies[J]. IntechOpen, 2019: 1-35.
[76] WEN X Y, LIU Y, XI F Q, et al.Micro-Arc Oxidation (MAO) and Its Potential for Improving the Performance of Titanium Implants in Biomedical Applications[J]. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 2023, 11: 1282590.
[77] LI T, ZHOU Y, ZHANG S, et al.Surface Modification Techniques for Titanium Alloys and Their Antibacterial Applications: A review[J]. Bioact Mater, 2021, 6(10): 2910-2943.
[78] AKSHAYA S, ROWLO P K, DUKLE A, et al.Antibacterial Coatings for Titanium Implants: Recent Trends and Future Perspectives[J]. Antibiotics, 2022, 11(12): 1719.
[79] 李聪, 刘健招, 周立波, 等. 钛合金表面耐磨损PVD涂层及制备技术研究进展[J]. 机械工程材料, 2025, 49(4): 8-19.
LI C, LIU J Z, ZHOU L B, et al.Research Progress on PVD Wear Resistance Coating on Titanium Alloy Surface and Preparation Technology[J]. Materials for Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 49(4): 8-19.
[80] LISOŃ-KUBICA J, TARATUTA A, WILK K, et al.The Effect of TiN Coating on the Physicochemical Properties of Ti-13Nb-13Zr Alloy for Biomedical Applications[J]. Langmuir, 2025, 41(21): 13264-13271.
[81] ASLAN N, AKSAKAL B, CIHANGIR S, et al.ZrN and Ta-C Coatings on Titanium for Biomedical Applications: Improved Adhesion, Corrosion, Antibacterial Activity, and Cytotoxicity Properties[J]. Journal of Materials Research, 2023, 38(16): 3923-3936.
[82] ONYEAGBA C R, WILL G, BARCLAY M, et al.Polymorphous Nanostructured Metallic Glass Coatings for Corrosion Protection of Medical Grade Ti Substrate[J]. Intermetallics, 2024, 165: 108167.
[83] MEMÈ L, SARTINI D, POZZI V, et al.Epithelial Biological Response to Machined Titanium Vs. PVD Zirconium-Coated Titanium: An in Vitro Study[J]. Materials, 2022, 15(20): 7250.
[84] RAZMI A, SEYDI E, ASHTARI B, et al.New Mechanistic Approach of TiCN Film-Coated NiTi Substrate Toxicity: Impairment in Mitochondrial Electron Transfer in Diabetic Rat Tooth Gum Cells[J]. Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, 2025, 35(6): 633-643.
[85] ESMAEILI M M, MAHMOODI M, MOKHTARZADE A, et al.In Vitro Corrosion and Tribological Behavior of Multiwall Carbon Nanotube-Coated Ti-6Al-4V/Tantalum Carbide Surface for Implant Applications[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 2022, 31(9): 7719-7733.
[86] DURDU S, CIHAN G, YALCIN E, et al.Surface Characterization, Electrochemical Properties and in Vitro Biological Properties of Zn-Deposited TiO₂ Nanotube Surfaces[J]. Scientific Reports, 2023, 13: 11423.
[87] MAMAEVA A A, UNIVERSITY S, KENZHEGULOV A K, et al.Study of Tribological Characteristics of Micro-Arc Calcium Phosphate Coatings on Titanium[J]. Kompleksnoe Ispolzovanie Mineralnogo Syra = Complex Use of Mineral Resources, 2025, 333(2): 41-50.
[88] GONÇALVES V R M, CORRÊA D R N, CARDOSO G C, et al. Micro-Arc Oxidation Treatment Applied on the Surface of β TiNb Matrix Composites as a Strategy to Modulate Cellular Behavior[J]. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2025, 506: 132113.
[89] 邓婉蓉, 杨巍, 李珂珂, 等. 钛合金表面掺Sn微弧氧化层的制备及其在模拟体液环境中的防护性能[J]. 中国表面工程, 2024, 37(5): 288-295.
DENG W R, YANG W, LI K K, et al.Preparation of Sn-Doped Micro-Arc Oxide Coating on Titanium Alloy and Its Protective Properties in Simulated Body Fluid Environment[J]. China Surface Engineering, 2024, 37(5): 288-295.
[90] WANG J Y, YANG M, WANG C Y, et al.Strengthening Effect of Nano-Rutile on Ti-3Zr-2Sn-3Mo-25Nb Titanium Alloy and Mechanism of TiO₂ Phase Transformation[J]. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2024, 314: 128815.
[91] ZHANG S S, SHI W, LIU F, et al.Design of Spatial Pore Structures in Micro-Arc Oxidation Coatings of Ti Implant for Nanoparticle Drug Delivery[J]. Materials & Design, 2025, 254: 113992.
[92] LU X Q, ZHANG T, LV Y, et al.Corrosion Behviour of Micro-Arc Oxidized Titanium in NaCl Solution with H₂O₂ and Albumin[J]. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2022, 276: 125376.
[93] ZHASSULAN A, RAKHADILOV B, BAIZHAN D, et al.Influence of TiO₂ Nanoparticle Concentration on Micro-Arc Oxidized Calcium-Phosphate Coatings: Corrosion Resistance and Biological Response[J]. Coatings, 2025, 15(10): 1142.
[94] CARDOSO G C, BARBARO K, KURODA P A B, et al. Incorporation of Ca, P, mg, and Zn Elements in Ti-30Nb-5Mo Alloy by Micro-Arc Oxidation for Biomedical Implant Applications: Surface Characterization, Cellular Growth, and Microorganisms’ Activity[J]. Coatings, 2023, 13(9): 1577.
[95] CARDOSO G C, BARBARO K, KURODA P A B, et al. Silver Containing Antimicrobial Coatings on Innovative Ti-30Nb-5Mo Β-Alloy Prepared by Micro-Arc Oxidation for Biomedical Implant Applications[J]. Coatings, 2024, 14(2): 214.
[96] XUE Y, CHEN J, DING T X, et al.Building Biointegration of Fe₂O₃-FeOOH Coated Titanium Implant by Regulating NIR Irradiation in an Infected Model[J]. Bioactive Materials, 2022, 8: 1-11.
[97] BUYUKSUNGUR S, PARAU A C, DINU M, et al.Variations of Chemical, Physical, Mechanical Properties, and Biological and Antimicrobial Effectiveness of Ti Alloys by Coating with CaP Doped with Different Amounts of Zn via Micro-Arc Oxidation (MAO) Technique[J]. Ceramics International, 2024, 50(19): 37096-37110.
[98] NI X H, JIAO Y, CAI B S, et al.Surface Characteristics, Osteogenic Activity and Antibacterial Effect of Magnesium- Doped Porous Coating on Titanium Surface[J]. Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology, 2023, 19(6): 952-962.
[99] LIU W, WANG D, HE G, et al.A Novel Porous Titanium with Engineered Surface for Bone Defect Repair in Load-Bearing Position[J]. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 2024, 112(7): 1083-1092.
[100] ZANIOLO K M, BIAGGIO S R, CIRELLI J A, et al.Physical Characterization and Biological Tests of Bioactive Titanium Surfaces Prepared by Short-Time Micro-Arc Oxidation in Green Electrolyte[J]. Materials Research Express, 2022, 9(2): 025401.
[101] 赵庆虚, 孙彦华, 杨成志, 等. 医用钛合金微弧氧化研究进展[J]. 云南冶金, 2024, 53(1): 97-106.
ZHAO Q X, SUN Y H, YANG C Z, et al.Research Progress on Micro-Arc Oxidation of Biomedical Titanium Alloy[J]. Yunnan Metallurgy, 2024, 53(1): 97-106.
[102] LU X L, BHUSAL S, HE G Y, et al.Efficacy of Graphene Nanoplatelets on Splat Morphology and Microstructure of Plasma Sprayed Alumina Coatings[J]. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2019, 366: 54-61.
[103] HUAN Y C, WU K D, LI C J, et al.Micro-Nano Structured Functional Coatings Deposited by Liquid Plasma Spraying[J]. Journal of Advanced Ceramics, 2020, 9(5): 517-534.
[104] SINGH J, CHATHA S S, SINGH H.Characterization and Corrosion Behavior of Plasma Sprayed Calcium Silicate Reinforced Hydroxyapatite Composite Coatings for Medical Implant Applications[J]. Ceramics International, 2021, 47(1): 782-792.
[105] NADIAN N, NOUROUZI S, JAMSHIDI AVAL H.Innovative Plasma Spray Coating of HA-Ti-MgO Composite on Ti₆Al₄V Alloy for Enhanced Performance[J]. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 2025, 36(1): 63.
[106] JEMAT A, RAZALI M, OTSUKA Y, et al.Enhancement of Human Gingival Fibroblasts Bioactivity and Proliferation on Plasma Sprayed Yttria-Stabilised Zirconia/TiO₂ Surface Coating of Titanium Alloys: An In-Vitro Study[J]. Coatings, 2023, 13(10): 1746.
[107] JO W L, LIM Y W, KWON S Y, et al.Non-Thermal Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Treatment Increases Hydrophilicity and Promotes Cell Growth on Titanium Alloys in Vitro[J]. Scientific Reports, 2023, 13: 14792.
[108] ALONTSEVA D, SAFAROVA YANTSEN Y, VOINA ROVYCH S, et al.Biocompatibility and Corrosion of Microplasma-Sprayed Titanium and Tantalum Coatings versus Titanium Alloy[J]. Coatings, 2024, 14(2): 206.
[109] 吴小燕, 于淼, 葛潇, 等. 等离子喷涂钽涂层钛对大鼠骨结合影响的实验研究[J]. 实用口腔医学杂志, 2024, 40(4): 473-479.
WU X Y, YU M, GE X, et al.The Effects of Plasma Spraying Tantalum-Coated Titanium on Osseointegration in Rats[J]. Journal of Practical Stomatology, 2024, 40(4): 473-479.
[110] 刘燕才. 等离子喷涂HAp(Ta)/Zn/ZnO复合抗菌涂层的制备及生物学性能研究[D]. 徐州: 中国矿业大学, 2023.
LIU Y C.Preparation and Biological Properties of Plasma Sprayed HAp(Ta)/Zn/ZnO Composite Antibacterial Coatings[D]. Xuzhou: China University of Mining and Technology, 2023.
[111] QI S C, WU J J, XU Y W, et al.Chemical Stability and Antimicrobial Activity of Plasma-Sprayed Cerium Oxide-Incorporated Calcium Silicate Coating in Dental Implants[J]. Implant Dentistry, 2019, 28(6): 564-570.
[112] CHENG X Q, XU W, SHAO L H, et al.Enhanced Osseointegration and Antimicrobial Properties of 3D-Printed Porous Titanium Alloys with Copper- Strontium Doped Calcium Silicate Coatings[J]. Journal of Biomaterials Applications, 2025, 39(6): 607-619.
[113] WADGE M D, MCGUIRE J, THOMAS K G, et al.Developing Alkaline Titanate Surfaces for Medical Applications[J]. International Materials Reviews, 2023, 68(6): 677-724.
[114] 郑萌萌, 刘轩溱, 蔡黄越, 等. 热喷涂技术在骨植入医疗器械领域的应用及展望[J]. 中国材料进展, 2025, 44(8): 731-739.
ZHENG M M, LIU X Z, CAI H Y, et al.Applications and Perspectives of Thermal Spray Technology in Orthopedic Implant Devices[J]. Materials China, 2025, 44(8): 731-739.
[115] 吴犇, 陈晓艺, 路怀峰, 等. 等离子喷涂技术在骨植入体表面改性中的研究进展[J]. 中国表面工程, 2021, 34(4): 1-11.
WU B, CHEN X Y, LU H F, et al.Recent Progress in the Surface Modification of Bone Implant Using Plasma Spraying Technique[J]. China Surface Engineering, 2021, 34(4): 1-11.
[116] LIU F, WANG H Y, ZHAO B, et al.Study on Deposition of Biomedical Ta Coating on Ti₆Al₄V Alloy Substrate by CVD and Its Properties[J]. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2025, 495: 131593.
[117] LIU C X, WANG Q C, ZHAO B, et al.A Novel Biofunctional TaCu Coating on Ti₆Al₄V by CVD Method[J]. Materials Letters, 2024, 366: 136586.
[118] RAN Z Y, ZHAO B, LUO D H, et al.Promotion of Osteogenic Differentiation and Bone Healing in Tantalum-Coated 3D-Printed Ti₆Al₄V Alloy Scaffolds Using Chemical Vapor Deposition[J]. Materials & Design, 2025, 258: 114722.
[119] ALMUDARRIS B A, NANDIBEVOOR A, GOWDAR I M, et al.Investigation of Graphene-Based Coatings for Anti-Bacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Properties in Implants[J]. Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences, 2025, 17(Suppl 2): S1556-S1558.
[120] MARZBAN K, RABIEE S M, ZABIHI E, et al.Nanostructured Akermanite Glass-Ceramic Coating on Ti₆Al₄V for Orthopedic Applications[J]. Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials, 2019, 17(2): 2280800018793819.
[121] KAZEMI M, AHANGARANI S, ESMAILIAN M, et al.Investigation on the Corrosion Behavior and Biocompatibility of Ti-6Al-4V Implant Coated with HA/TiN Dual Layer for Medical Applications[J]. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2020, 397: 126044.
[122] FARSHID S, EBRAHIMIAN-HOSSEINABADI M, RAFIENIA M.Electrophoretic Deposition of Biphasic Calcium Phosphate/Graphene Nanocomposite Coatings on Ti₆Al₄V Substrate for Biomedical Applications[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2022, 892: 162150.
[123] KOC S G, BAYGAR T, ÖZARSLAN S, et al.Fabrication and Characterization of a Multifunctional Coating to Promote the Osteogenic Properties of Orthopedic Implants[J]. Materials, 2023, 16(19): 6608.
[124] OKTAY A, YILMAZER H, PRZEKORA A, et al.Corrosion Response and Biocompatibility of Graphene Oxide (GO)Serotonin (Ser) Coatings on Ti₆Al₇Nb and Ti₂₉Nb₁₃Ta_4.6Zr (TNTZ) Alloys Fabricated by Electrophoretic Deposition (EPD)[J]. Materials Today Communications, 2023, 34: 105236.
[125] 林巧霞, 殷萌, 魏延, 等. 钛及钛合金表面羟基磷灰石涂层结合强度及稳定性[J]. 化学进展, 2020, 32(4): 406-416.
LIN Q X, YIN M, WEI Y, et al.The Bonding Strength and Stability between Hydroxyapatite Coating and Titanium or Titanium Alloys[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2020, 32(4): 406-416.
[126] DONG Z H, HUANG Z Q, TANG L, et al.Surface Modification of Biomedical Titanium Alloy for Hard Tissue Repair and Reconstruction[J]. Surface Engineering, 2024, 40(7/8): 847-862.
[127] 段冰冰, 王治国, 蔡晋, 等. 钛合金表面纳米化强化研究进展[J]. 表面技术, 2021, 50(12): 202-216.
DUAN B B, WANG Z G, CAI J, et al.Research Progress on Surface Nanocrystallization Strengthening of Titanium Alloys[J]. Surface Technology, 2021, 50(12): 202-216.
[128] SHEN X J, SHUKLA P, NAYAK S, et al.Biological and Mechanical Response of Laser Shock Peening Orthopaedic Titanium Alloy (Ti-6Al-7Nb)[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part H, Journal of Engineering in Medicine, 2022, 236(8): 1169-1187.
[129] BAKHTIARI M, FAYAZI KHANIGI A, SEYED- SALEHI M, et al.Ti₆Al₄V Bone Implants: Effect of Laser Shock Peening on Physical, Mechanical, and Biological Properties[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 2024, 33(16): 8122-8137.
[130] GURUSAMI K, CHANDRAMOHAN D, DINESH KUMAR S, et al.Strengthening Mechanism of Nd: Yag Laser Shock Peening for Commercially Pure Titanium (CP-TI) on Surface Integrity and Residual Stresses[J]. Materials Today: Proceedings, 2020, 21: 981-987.
[131] ZHOU J Z, SUN Y J, HUANG S, et al.Effect of Laser Peening on Friction and Wear Behavior of Medical Ti₆Al₄V Alloy[J]. Optics & Laser Technology, 2019, 109: 263-269.
[132] 李金坤, 王守仁, 王高琦, 等. 激光冲击强化对Ti₆Al₄V钛合金骨板表面改性与摩擦学性能的影响[J]. 中国激光, 2022, 49(2): 0202010.
LI J K, WANG S R, WANG G Q, et al.Effect of Laser Shock Peening on Surface Modification and Tribological Properties of Ti₆Al₄V Titanium Alloy Bone Plates[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2022, 49(2): 0202010.
[133] NAIR M M, SWAROOP S.Influence of Oxide Layer Developed by Laser Shock Peening on Biocorrosion Response of Ti-6Al-7Nb in Simulated Body Fluid[J]. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2024, 483: 130795.
[134] MADAPANA D, RAMADAS H, NATH A K, et al.Nanosecond Laser Shock Peening of Titanium Alloys (Ti₆Al₄V) and Its Invitro-Tribocorrosion Behavior[J]. Tribology International, 2025, 204: 110480.
[135] WANG Q Q, CAO X D.Laser Shock Processing on the Biomedical Titanium Alloys[J]. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2025, 3061(1): 012020.
[136] MUNTHER M, MARTIN T, TAJYAR A, et al.Laser Shock Peening and Its Effects on Microstructure and Properties of Additively Manufactured Metal Alloys: A Review[J]. Engineering Research Express, 2020, 2(2): 022001.
[137] 林鑫. 高强韧β钛合金喷丸强化疲劳性能研究[D]. 大连: 大连理工大学, 2023.
LIN X.Fatigue Performance of High Tenacity β Titanium Alloy Strengthen by Shot Peening[D]. Dalian: Dalian University of Technology, 2023.
[138] AVCU Y Y, IAKOVAKIS E, GUNEY M, et al.Surface and Tribological Properties of Powder Metallurgical Cp-Ti Titanium Alloy Modified by Shot Peening[J]. Coatings, 2023, 13(1): 89.
[139] ZHANG Z Q, LIU H T, SUN W B, et al.Shot Peening Pre-Treatment for Nano-Nitriding Layer Formation to Enhance Wear and Corrosion Resistance in Medical Titanium Alloys[J]. Materials Letters, 2024, 368: 136669.
[140] SATYANARAYANA C P, RAJU L R, DUMPALA R, et al.Producing High Wettable Surface on Pure Titanium Sheets by Shot Peening for Bone Implant Applications[J]. Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry, 2021, 12(5): 5745-5752.
[141] AVCU E, GUNEY M, YıLDıRAN AVCU Y, et al. Comparative Effects of Fine and Conventional Shot Peening on Surface Morphology, Topography, Wettability, and Antibacterial Activity of Biomedical Ti₆Al₄V Alloy[J]. Coatings, 2025, 15(9): 1071.
[142] 迟佳轩. 表面强化钛合金修复接头的微观组织演变与疲劳延寿机理研究[D]. 长春: 吉林大学, 2022.
CHI J X. Study on Microstructural Evolution and Fatigue Life Extension Mechanism of Surface Streng?thened Titanium Alloy Repaired Joints[D]. Changchun: Jilin University, 2022.
[143] 马靖博. 十字轴材料表面离子注入层制备及耐磨耐蚀性能研究[D]. 北京: 北京交通大学, 2021.
MA J B. Study on Preparation, Wear And Corrosion Resistance of Ion Implanted Layer on Cross Shaft Material Surface[D]. Beijing: Beijing Jiaotong University, 2021.
[144] 李朝岚, 程昱之, 钟丽辉, 等. 离子注入在医用钛及其合金表面改性中的应用[J]. 表面技术, 2020, 49(7): 28-34.
LI C L, CHENG Y Z, ZHONG L H, et al. Application of Ion Implantation Technology in Surface Modification of Medical Titanium and Its Alloys[J]. Surface Technology, 2020, 49(7): 28-34.
[145] JÍRŮ J, HYBÁŠEK V, VLČÁK P, et al. The Use of Electrochemical Methods to Determine the Effect of Nitrides of Alloying Elements on the Electrochemical Properties of Titanium Β-Alloys[J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2023, 24(2): 1656.
[146] 李昆强, 乔玉琴, 刘宣勇. 钛表面铜离子注入对细菌和细胞行为的影响[J]. 无机材料学报, 2020, 35(2): 158.
LI K Q, QIAO Y Q, LIU X Y. Titanium Modified by Copper Ion Implantation: Anti-Bacterial and Cellular Behaviors[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2020, 35(2): 158.
[147] 吴凌, 谭继, 钱仕, 等. 钽离子注入对镍钛合金表面生物学性能的影响[J]. 无机材料学报, 2022, 37(11): 1217-1224.
WU L, TAN J, QIAN S, et al. Biological Property Investigation of Nitinol Surface Implanted with Tantalum[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2022, 37(11): 1217-1224.
[148] TIAN X, ZHANG P, XU J. Incorporating Zinc Ion into Titanium Surface Promotes Osteogenesis and Osteoin?tegration in Implantation Early Phase[J]. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 2023, 34(11): 55.
[149] HUANG R, SUO W R, WANG Y X, et al. Enhancing Wear Resistance, Anti-Corrosion Property and Surface Bioactivity of a Beta-Titanium Alloy by Adopting Surface Mechanical Attrition Treatment Followed by Phosphorus Ion Implantation[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2024, 671: 160766.
[150] YAN B C, TAN J, WANG D H, et al. Surface Alloyed Ti-Zr Layer Constructed on Titanium by Zr Ion Implantation for Improving Physicochemical and Osteogenic Properties[J]. Progress in Natural Science: Materials International, 2020, 30(5): 635-641.
[151] ZHANG H F, QIU J J, LIU X Y. Enhanced Antioxidant Capability and Osteogenic Property of Medical Titanium by Cerium Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation[J]. Surfaces and Interfaces, 2021, 26: 101402.
[152] 陈少鹏. TC6钛合金激光喷丸复合氮离子注入强化机理及其耐磨性能研究[D]. 常州: 常州大学, 2023.
CHEN S P. Study on the Wear Resistance and Streng?thening Mechanism of TC6 Titanium Alloy Streng?thened by Laser Peening Combined with Nitrogen Ion Implantation[D]. CHangzhou: Changzhou University, 2023.
[153] WANG Y, LIU Y H, WANG D H, et al. Research on Surface Integrity of TC4 Titanium Alloy by Ultrasonic Surface Rolling Peening[J]. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2024, 132(9): 4795-4804.
[154] LIU Y, CUI H, LIU Y, et al. Comprehensive Analysis of the Effect ofUltrasonic Surface Rolling Process on the Friction and Wear Properties of TB8 Titanium Alloy[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 2023, 32(20): 9448-9459.
[155] CHENG Z, CAO X J, XU X L, et al. Effect of Ultrasonic Surface Impact on the Fatigue Properties of Ti3Zr2Sn3Mo25Nb[J]. Materials, 2020, 13(9): 2107.
[156] 韩静, 张政, 宋元明, 等. 高性能梯度纳米钛板的超声表面深滚压制备及组织性能研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2024, 60(6): 227-235.
HAN J, ZHANG Z, SONG Y M, et al. Preparation, Microstructure and Properties of High-Performance Gradient Nanostructured Pure Ti Plate by USSR[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2024, 60(6): 227-235.
[157] CHEN M, WANG X Q, HOU X, et al. Enhanced Mechanical, Bio-Corrosion, and Antibacterial Properties of Ti-Cu Alloy by Forming a Gradient Nanostructured Surface Layer[J]. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2023, 465: 129609.
[158] QIU J, DING Z, YI Y W, et al. Improved Mechanical and Biological Properties of Ti-13Nb-13Zr Alloy Treated by Surface Ultrasonic Rolling and Copper Infiltration[J]. Materials Today Communications, 2024, 38: 108146.
[159] 罗学昆, 赵春玲, 查小辉, 等. 激光冲击、喷丸及其复合强化对TB6钛合金表面完整性及轴向疲劳性能的影响[J]. 科技导报, 2021, 39(9): 48-55.
LUO X K, ZHAO C L, ZHA X H, et al. Effect of Laser Shock Peeing, Shot Peeing and Their Combination Treatment on Surface Integrity and Axial Fatigue Property of TB6 Titanium Alloy[J]. Science & Technology Review, 2021, 39(9): 48-55.
[160] 唐洋洋, 李林波, 王超, 等. 超声表面滚压纳米化技术研究现状[J]. 表面技术, 2021, 50(2): 160-169.
TANG Y Y, LI L B, WANG C, et al. Research Status of USRP Nanocrystallization Technology[J]. Surface Technology, 2021, 50(2): 160-169.