Effect of Relative Speed Ratio Parameter on Polishing Precision for Aspherical Glass Lenses

WANG Zhuozhen; WANG Han; XIE Yu; ZHANG Jiarong; MA Shuaijie; YAO Honghui; KUANG Jiaqi; WU Zejie

doi:10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2026.15.005

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Surface Technology ›› 2026, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (15) : 53-64. DOI: 10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2026.15.005

Precision and Ultra-precision Machining

Effect of Relative Speed Ratio Parameter on Polishing Precision for Aspherical Glass Lenses

WANG Zhuozhen¹, WANG Han¹, XIE Yu¹, ZHANG Jiarong^2,3,*, MA Shuaijie^2,3, YAO Honghui^2,3, KUANG Jiaqi^2,3, WU Zejie¹

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Abstract

A small-tool polishing technique that can significantly improve surface figure accuracy and the stability of surface figure compensation without altering the polishing tool is proposed. By investigating the optimal tool-to-workpiece speed ratio, the precision and stability of surface figure compensation can be further enhanced. Considering the challenges in aspheric glass lens polishing, such as insufficient polishing accuracy and the occurrence of surface figure defects, this study focuses on optimizing the speed ratio between the polishing tool and the workpiece to improve both surface figure compensation accuracy and process stability.
With aspheric glass lenses as the polishing objects, a polyurethane tool is employed for surface figure compensation polishing. Based on the contact conditions between the polishing tool and the workpiece, pressure and velocity distributions are analyzed, and the variation of integrated polishing path lengths at different radial positions is considered to establish a material removal function model. Surface figure errors are measured using a UA3P measurement system. Tool-to-workpiece speed ratios of 20, 2, 1, -20, -2, and -1 are investigated through model simulations combined with experimental validation to examine their effect on the Gaussian characteristics of the removal function profile and the uniformity of overall material removal under equal dwell times. Furthermore, simulations are used to compare dwell times and surface figure compensation accuracy under different speed ratios. Finally, polishing experiments on various aspheric glass lenses are conducted using the optimal speed ratio, and the polishing performance is evaluated by comparing the peak-to-valley (γ_PV) and root-mean-square (γ_RMS) surface figure errors before and after polishing.
Based on the established material removal model, the results indicate that a speed ratio of 1 yields the optimal Gaussian characteristics of the removal function and the highest uniformity of overall material removal, with a simulated uniformity coefficient of 0.092 and an experimental value of 0.068. Surface figure compensation simulations and experiments show that under the optimal speed ratio, the dwell time is most stable, and the simulated compensation accuracy is the highest. Polishing experiments reduce the peak-to-valley (γ_PV) value of aspheric glass lenses from 6.275 3 μm to 0.220 3 μm, and the root-mean-square (γ_RMS) value from 1.949 5 μm to 0.036 4 μm. Repeated experiments further verify these results, reducing the γ_PV value from 1.432 μm to 0.247 8 μm and γ_RMS from 0.387 9 μm to 0.036 7 μm. Additionally, surface figure compensation tests on another lens demonstrate a γ_PV reduction from 1.110 1 μm to 0.188 2 μm and γ_RMS from 0.273 4 μm to 0.032 2 μm, further confirming the effectiveness of the surface figure compensation method.
Using a speed ratio of 1 as the optimal process parameter enhances the Gaussian characteristics of the material removal profile and improves the uniformity of overall material removal. Compared with other speed ratios, a ratio of 1 produces surface figure compensation dwell times that are smoother and more closely match the pre-polishing surface figure error, enabling more accurate correction of the targeted surface deviations. This results in higher and more stable surface figure accuracy. The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the optimal speed ratio in improving aspheric glass lens surface figure precision while ensuring stable dwell time control.

Key words

aspheric glass lens / relative speed ratio / removal function profile / Gaussian distribution / dwell time control / surface form accuracy

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WANG Zhuozhen, WANG Han, XIE Yu, ZHANG Jiarong, MA Shuaijie, YAO Honghui, KUANG Jiaqi, WU Zejie. Effect of Relative Speed Ratio Parameter on Polishing Precision for Aspherical Glass Lenses[J]. Surface Technology. 2026, 55(15): 53-64

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Funding

Guangdong Science and Technology Major Special "Bright Action" Project (CC/XM-202401ZJ0501); Zhongshan Tenth Batch of Innovative Scientific Research Team Project (CXTD2023008)