Research Progress on Drag Reduction Enhancement Technology for Soil-engaging Components of Agricultural Machinery

HAN Chuanlong; SHI Xiaojie; YANG Huawei; WANG Shucheng; LIU Honghao; LU Xuzhen; WANG Shaowei

doi:10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2026.13.001

PDF(12684 KB)

Surface Technology ›› 2026, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (13) : 1-15. DOI: 10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2026.13.001

Friction, Wear and Lubrication

Research Progress on Drag Reduction Enhancement Technology for Soil-engaging Components of Agricultural Machinery

HAN Chuanlong^1,2, SHI Xiaojie^1,2, YANG Huawei^1,2, WANG Shucheng^1,2, LIU Honghao^1,2, LU Xuzhen^1,2, WANG Shaowei^1,2,*

Author information +

History +

Abstract

In agricultural operations (such as tillage, seeding, crop management, and harvesting), soil-engaging functional components interact directly with the soil, playing a critical role in determining the efficiency, energy consumption, and environmental impact of field operations. However, the high tillage resistance encounters during these processes not only reduces soil operational quality and efficiency but also leads to increased fuel consumption and elevated emissions of harmful gases, thereby hindering the advancement of sustainable agriculture. Consequently, developing effective strategies for drag reduction enhancement of these components has emerged as a critical research frontier in agricultural engineering. This paper reviews drag reduction mechanisms and enhancement technologies for typical soil-engaging components in agricultural machinery, both domestically and internationally, and discusses recent advances in biomimetic soil-engaging components.
Starting from the classification of soil-engaging components used in agricultural machinery, it presents the main components involved in each stage of the crop growth cycle. Focusing on the four main stages of agricultural production-tillage, seeding, crop management, and harvesting, it clarifies research methods and underlying mechanisms related to interaction drag reduction between soil and components. These include theoretical modeling, numerical simulations (such as Discrete Element Method and Finite Element Analysis), and experimental testing techniques.
In addition, the paper analyzes the application of various drag reduction enhancement technologies in the design of soil-engaging components. By optimizing structural design and improving force distribution in obstructed parts, these technologies contribute to better soil fragmentation and flowability during cultivation. The discussion centers on five major optimization approaches: curve and surface optimization, non-smooth surface structures, vibration-assisted drag reduction, surface functionalization, and composite drag reduction strategies. The curve and surface optimization reduces energy input by incorporating specific radii of curvature and inclination angles, which guides the soil to flow smoothly over the surface rather than accumulating and causing excessive drag. Irregular non-smooth surface structures are incorporated into the component surface, creating a micro-turbulence layer between the soil and tool interface, thereby effectively reducing soil particle adhesion and sliding resistance. Vibration-assisted drag reduction technology refers to the application of high-frequency, low-amplitude vibration to soil-engaging components, which can significantly lower the draft force. Vibratory shanks have been proven to substantially reduce operational resistance. The surface functionalization method directly addresses the tillage resistance caused by soil adhesion by altering component properties through the addition of lubricants or the development of electro-osmotic surfaces. Furthermore, when these approaches are appropriately combined, composite drag-reduction strategies generally achieve more significant and more stable reductions in resistance, thereby providing more reliable guidance for practical engineering applications.
Biomimetic research provides a rich source of inspiration for these optimization strategies. Integrating the extracted key biological features with drag-reduction technologies contributes to enhancing the effectiveness and overall efficiency of drag-reduction approaches. By analyzing the unique adaptations of soil-burrowing animals (like moles, dung beetles, and earthworms) and certain plants, researchers have identified highly efficient drag-reduction mechanisms. This paper explores the development trends of biomimetic soil-engaging components from three perspectives: biological surfaces (e.g., the non-smooth morphology of lotus leaves and sharks), behaviors (e.g., the oscillatory movement of earthworms), and overall structures (e.g., the penetrating tip of a mole's digit or the streamlined shape of a badger's foot). It elucidates how these bio-inspired characteristics, such as the bionic shovel modeled after a mole's claw or a trencher that mimics the behavior of wild rabbits, can effectively reduce tillage resistance. Finally, the paper projects future research directions. Advances in high-precision numerical simulation, advanced surface engineering techniques, and systematic biomimetic design are expected to play a pivotal role in the next generation of drag reduction technologies for agricultural machinery. The integration of these innovations aims to provide new insights and inspiration for promoting the development of energy-efficient, environmentally friendly, and sustainable agricultural practices.

Key words

soil-engaging component / interaction / drag reduction enhancement / surface structure / biomimetic drag reduction

Cite this article

EndNote

Ris (Procite)

Bibtex

Download Citations

HAN Chuanlong, SHI Xiaojie, YANG Huawei, WANG Shucheng, LIU Honghao, LU Xuzhen, WANG Shaowei. Research Progress on Drag Reduction Enhancement Technology for Soil-engaging Components of Agricultural Machinery[J]. Surface Technology. 2026, 55(13): 1-15

References

[1] ZULFIQAR U, HUSSAIN S, ISHFAQ M, et al.Manganese Supply Improves Bread Wheat Productivity, Economic Returns and Grain Biofortification under Conventional and no Tillage Systems[J]. Agriculture, 2021, 11(2): 142.
[2] PÖHLITZ J, RÜCKNAGEL J, SCHLÜTER S, et al. Computed Tomography as an Extension of Classical Methods in the Analysis of Soil Compaction, Exemplified on Samples from Two Tillage Treatments and at Two Moisture Tensions[J]. Geoderma, 2019, 346: 52-62.
[3] ORDOÑEZ-MORALES K D, CADENA-ZAPATA M, ZERMEÑO-GONZÁLEZ A, et al. Effect of Tillage Systems on Physical Properties of a Clay Loam Soil under Oats[J]. Agriculture, 2019, 9(3): 62.
[4] SADEK M A, CHEN Y, ZENG Z W.Draft Force Prediction for a High-Speed Disc Implement Using Discrete Element Modelling[J]. Biosystems Engineering, 2021, 202: 133-141.
[5] 张继豪, 李静, 陈文刚, 等. 农业触土机具仿生减阻抗磨特性研究进展[J]. 表面技术, 2024, 53(20): 36-50.
ZHANG J H, LI J, CHEN W G, et al.Research Progress on Bionic Drag Reduction and Wear Resistance Characteristics of Agricultural Soil Touching Machinery Structures[J]. Surface Technology, 2024, 53(20): 36-50.
[6] GÜRSOY S, CHEN Y, LI B. Measurement and Modelling of Soil Displacement from Sweeps with Different Cutting Widths[J]. Biosystems Engineering, 2017, 161: 1-13.
[7] ODEY S O, MANUWA S I.Subsoiler Development Trend in the Alleviation of Soil Compaction for Sustainable Agricultural Production[J]. International Journal of Engineering Inventions, 2018, 7(8): 29-38.
[8] MILKEVYCH V, MUNKHOLM L J, CHEN Y, et al.Modelling Approach for Soil Displacement in Tillage Using Discrete Element Method[J]. Soil and Tillage Research, 2018, 183: 60-71.
[9] ZENG Z W, CHEN Y, ZHANG X R.Modelling the Interaction of a Deep Tillage Tool with Heterogeneous Soil[J]. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2017, 143: 130-138.
[10] WANG X Z, ZHOU H, JI J T.Effect of Mounting Angle on Bending Subsoiling Tool-Soil Interactions Using DEM Simulations[J]. Agriculture, 2022, 12(11): 1830.
[11] CHEN Y, TESSIER S, IRVINE B.Drill and Crop Performances as Affected by Different Drill Configurations for No-Till Seeding[J]. Soil and Tillage Research, 2004, 77(2): 147-155.
[12] WANG J W, WEN N, LIU Z M, et al.Coupled Bionic Design of Liquid Fertilizer Deep Application Type Opener Based on Sturgeon Streamline to Enhance Opening Performance in Cold Soils of Northeast China[J]. Agriculture, 2022, 12(5): 615.
[13] WALUNJ A, CHEN Y, TIAN Y Y, et al.Modeling Soil-Plant-Machine Dynamics Using Discrete Element Method: A Review[J]. Agronomy, 2023, 13(5): 1260.
[14] 王金武. 胡萝卜联合收获机高效减阻松土铲设计与试验[J]. 农业机械学报, 2020, 51(6): : 93-103.
WANG J W.Design and Experiment of High Efficiency Drag Reducing Shovel for Carrot Combine Harvester[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2020, 51(6): : 93-103.
[15] ODEY S O, MANUWA S I.Design Steps of Narrow Tillage Tools for Draught Reduction and Increased Soil Disruption: A Review[J]. Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal, 2016, 18(1): 91.
[16] RAPER R L, SCHWAB E B.Development of an In-Row Subsoiler Attachment to Reduce Smearing[J]. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 2009, 25(4): 495-503.
[17] AHMADI I.Effect of Soil, Machine, and Working State Parameters on the Required Draft Force of a Subsoiler Using a Theoretical Draft-Calculating Model[J]. Soil Research, 2017, 55(4): 389.
[18] UCGUL M, SAUNDERS C, LI P L, et al.Analyzing the Mixing Performance of a Rotary Spader Using Digital Image Processing and Discrete Element Modelling (DEM)[J]. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2018, 151: 1-10.
[19] 刘进宝, 汤智辉, 郑炫, 等. 2FHF-4.56型宽行距作物基肥对行分层深施机设计与试验[J]. 农业工程学报, 2022, 38(6): 1-11.
LIU J B, TANG Z H, ZHENG X, et al.Design and Experiments of the 2FHF-4.56 Type Base-Fertilizer Row-Following and Layered Deep Fertilizing Machine for Wide Row Spacing Crops[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2022, 38(6): 1-11.
[20] BARR J, DESBIOLLES J, UCGUL M, et al.Bentleg Furrow Opener Performance Analysis Using the Discrete Element Method[J]. Biosystems Engineering, 2020, 189: 99-115.
[21] SCHAFER R L, JOHNSON C E.Changing Soil Condition—the Soil Dynamics of Tillage[J]. Predicting Tillage Effects on Soil Physical Properties and Processes, 1982, 44: 13-28.
[22] 李明曦, 李明, 黄海波, 等. 农机具触土部件表面处理技术研究进展[J]. 中国表面工程, 2025(10): 1-18.
LI M X, LI M, HUANG H B, et al.Research Progress in Surface Treatment Technology of Soil-Engaging Components of Agricultural Machinery[J]. China Surface Engineering, 2025(10): 1-18.
[23] CHEN Y, LIU W M, HUANG J X, et al.Lubricant Self-Replenishing Slippery Surface with Prolonged Service Life for Fog Harvesting[J]. Friction, 2022, 10(10): 1676-1692.
[24] ROMEK D, SELECH J, ULBRICH D.Use of Heat- Applied Coatings to Reduce Wear on Agricultural Machinery Components[J]. Materials, 2024, 17(12): 2849.
[25] TONG J, REN L Q, YAN J L, et al.Adhesion and Abrasion of Several Materials Against Soil[J]. International Agricultural Engineering Journal, 1999, 8(1): 1-22.
[26] LOU S Y, HE J, LI H W, et al.Current Knowledge and Future Directions for Improving Subsoiling Quality and Reducing Energy Consumption in Conservation Fields[J]. Agriculture, 2021, 11(7): 575.
[27] MANUWA S I.Performance Evaluation of Tillage Tines Operating under Different Depths in a Sandy Clay Loam Soil[J]. Soil and Tillage Research, 2009, 103(2): 399-405.
[28] WHEELER P N, GODWIN R J.Soil Dynamics of Single and Multiple Tines at Speeds up to 20 km/h[J]. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 1996, 63(3): 243-249.
[29] 黄玉祥, 杭程光, 苑梦婵, 等. 深松土壤扰动行为的离散元仿真与试验[J]. 农业机械学报, 2016, 47(7): : 80-88.
HUANG Y X, HANG C G, YUAN M C, et al.Discrete Element Simulation and Experiment on Disturbance Behavior of Subsoiling[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2016, 47(7): : 80-88.
[30] BEDOLLA P O, VORLAUFER G, RECHBERGER C, et al.Combined Experimental and Numerical Simulation of Abrasive Wear and Its Application to a Tillage Machine Component[J]. Tribology International, 2018, 127: 122-128.
[31] ONWEREMADU E, ESHETT E, OFOH M, et al.Seedling Performance as Affected by Bulk Density and Soil Moisture on a Typic Tropaquept[J]. Veterinary Medicine International, 2008, 78: 10034.
[32] WANG Y M, XUE W L, MA Y H, et al.DEM and Soil Bin Study on a Biomimetic Disc Furrow Opener[J]. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2019, 156: 209-216.
[33] BARR J B, UCGUL M, DESBIOLLES J M A, et al. Simulating the Effect of Rake Angle on Narrow Opener Performance with the Discrete Element Method[J]. Biosystems Engineering, 2018, 171: 1-15.
[34] LI B, CHEN Y, CHEN J.Modeling of Soil-Claw Interaction Using the Discrete Element Method (DEM)[J]. Soil and Tillage Research, 2016, 158: 177-185.
[35] 刘俊安. 基于离散元方法的深松铲参数优化及松土综合效应研究[D]. 北京: 中国农业大学, 2018.
LIU J A.Study on Subsoiler Parameters Optimization and Comprehensive Effect of Subsoiling Based on the Discrete Element Method [D]. Beijing: China Agricultural University, 2018.
[36] UCGUL M, FIELKE J M, SAUNDERS C.Three- Dimensional Discrete Element Modelling (DEM) of Tillage: Accounting for Soil Cohesion and Adhesion[J]. Biosystems Engineering, 2015, 129: 298-306.
[37] UCGUL M, FIELKE J M, SAUNDERS C.Defining the Effect of Sweep Tillage Tool Cutting Edge Geometry on Tillage Forces Using 3D Discrete Element Modelling[J]. Information Processing in Agriculture, 2015, 2(2): 130-141.
[38] 张青松, 廖庆喜, 汲文峰, 等. 油菜直播机开沟犁体曲面优化与试验[J]. 农业机械学报, 2015, 46(1): 53-59.
ZHANG Q S, LIAO Q X, JI W F, et al.Surface Optimization and Experiment on Ditch Plow of Direct Rapeseed Seeder[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2015, 46(1): 53-59.
[39] 刘晓鹏, 张青松, 刘立超, 等. 基于微分几何与EDEM的船型开畦沟装置触土曲面优化[J]. 农业机械学报, 2019, 50(8): 59-69.
LIU X P, ZHANG Q S, LIU L C, et al.Surface Optimization of Ship Type Ditching System Based on Differential Geometry and EDEM Simulation[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2019, 50(8): 59-69.
[40] LV H, YU J Q, FU H.Simulation of the Operation of a Fertilizer Spreader Based on an Outer Groove Wheel Using a Discrete Element Method[J]. Mathematical and Computer Modelling, 2013, 58(3/4): 842-851.
[41] CHENG B, HE R Y, XU Y, et al.Simulation Analysis and Test of Pneumatic Distribution Fertilizer Discharge System[J]. Agronomy, 2022, 12(10): 2282.
[42] DING S P, BAI L, YAO Y X, et al.Discrete Element Modelling (DEM) of Fertilizer Dual-Banding with Adjustable Rates[J]. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2018, 152: 32-39.
[43] YUAN Q C, XU L M, MA S, et al.The Effect of Paddle Configurations on Particle Mixing in a Soil-Fertilizer Continuous Mixing Device[J]. Powder Technology, 2021, 391: 292-300.
[44] 贾洪雷, 孟凡豪, 刘立晶, 等. 芯铧式开沟器仿生设计与试验[J]. 农业机械学报, 2020, 51(4): 44-49.
JIA H L, MENG F H, LIU L J, et al.Biomimetic Design and Experiment of Core-Share Furrow Opener[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2020, 51(4): 44-49.
[45] ROMANYUK N, EDNACH V, NUKESHEV S, et al.Improvement of the Design of the Plow-Subsoiler- Fertilizer to Increase Soil Fertility[J]. Journal of Terramechanics, 2023, 106: 89-93.
[46] LI Y Y, HU Z C, GU F W, et al.DEM-MBD Coupling Simulation and Analysis of the Working Process of Soil and Tuber Separation of a Potato Combine Harvester[J]. Agronomy, 2022, 12(8): 1734.
[47] YUE Y M, ZHANG Q, DONG B Y, et al.Application of Discrete Element Method to Potato Harvesting Machinery: A Review[J]. Agriculture, 2025, 15(3): 315.
[48] 张兆国, 薛浩田, 王一驰, 等. 基于离散元法的三七仿生挖掘铲设计与试验[J]. 农业机械学报, 2022, 53(5): 100-111.
ZHANG Z G, XUE H T, WANG Y C, et al.Design and Experiment of Panax Notoginseng Bionic Excavating Shovel Based on EDEM[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2022, 53(5): 100-111.
[49] JI P C, WANG D W, ABDALLAH F E, et al.Design and Experiment of a drag-Reduction Digging Shovel for Peanut Harvesters in Saline-Alkali Soil[J]. INMATEH Agricultural Engineering, 2025: 663-675.
[50] YANG R B, ZHOU G Q, CHEN D Q, et al.Design and Experiment of Drag Reduction Characteristics of Cassava Bionic Digging Shovel Based on Red Soi[J]. INMATEH Agricultural Engineering, 2024: 625-641.
[51] 刘俊安, 王晓燕, 李洪文, 等. 基于土壤扰动与牵引阻力的深松铲结构参数优化[J]. 农业机械学报, 2017, 48(2): 60-67.
LIU J A, WANG X Y, LI H W, et al.Optimization of Structural Parameters of Subsoiler Based on Soil Disturbance and Traction Resistance[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2017, 48(2): 60-67.
[52] 赵淑红, 王加一, 陈君执, 等. 保护性耕作拟合曲线型深松铲设计与试验[J]. 农业机械学报, 2018, 49(2): 82-92.
ZHAO S H, WANG J Y, CHEN J Z, et al.Design and Experiment of Fitting Curve Subsoiler of Conservation Tillage[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2018, 49(2): 82-92.
[53] 王学振, 岳斌, 高喜杰, 等. 深松铲不同翼铲安装高度时土壤扰动行为仿真与试验[J]. 农业机械学报, 2018, 49(10): 124-136.
WANG X Z, YUE B, GAO X J, et al.Discrete Element Simulations and Experiments of Disturbance Behavior as Affected by Mounting Height of Subsoiler’s Wing[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2018, 49(10): 124-136.
[54] 张琰, 乔超雄, 王天琪, 等. 蝼蛄前足爪趾三维几何构形的减阻机理[J]. 农业工程学报, 2021, 37(19): : 309-315.
ZHANG Y, QIAO C X, WANG T Q, et al.Drag Reduction Mechanism of the 3D Geometry of Foreleg’s Claw Toe of the Mole Cricket(Gryllotalpa Orientalis)[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2021, 37(19): : 309-315.
[55] EL SALEM A, ZHANG G Z, et al.Optimizing the Adhesion of Soil-Touching Parts Based on Biomimetic Concepts Using the Taguchi Method[J]. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 2022, 15(1): 147-154.
[56] WU B G, ZHANG R Z, HOU P F, et al.Bionic Nonsmooth Drag Reduction Mathematical Model Construction and Subsoiling Verification[J]. Applied Bionics and Biomechanics, 2021, 2021(1): 5113453.
[57] WANG Y M, LI N, MA Y H, et al.Field Experiments Evaluating a Biomimetic Shark-Inspired (Bios) Subsoiler for Tillage Resistance Reduction[J]. Soil and Tillage Research, 2020, 196: 104432.
[58] SUN J Y, WANG Y M, MA Y H, et al.DEM Simulation of Bionic Subsoilers (Tillage Depth >40 cm) with Drag Reduction and Lower Soil Disturbance Characteristics[J]. Advances in Engineering Software, 2018, 119: 30-37.
[59] WU B G, ZHANG R Z, HOU P F, et al.Bionic Nonsmooth Drag Reduction Mathematical Model Construction and Subsoiling Verification[J]. Applied Bionics and Biomechanics, 2021, 2021: 5113453.
[60] PENG Z, DING Y, ZHU J, et al.Technical Analysis and Research of Detection in Energy-Saving Emission Reduction to Farming Machinery[J]. Chin. Agric. Mech, 2009, 5: 69-71.
[61] SUN Y P, DONG X Q, SONG J N, et al.Parameter Optimization of Vibration Subsoiler Test Bed for Reducing Resistance and Vibration[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2016, 32(24): 43-49.
[62] LI X, ZHANG D X, WANG W X, et al.Performance Parameter Optimization and Experiment of Forced- Vibration Subsoiler[J]. Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/ Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2015, 31(21): 17-24.
[63] LI X, FU J F, ZHANG D X, et al.Experiment Analysis on Traction Resistance of Vibration Subsoiler[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2012, 28(1): 32-36.
[64] SHAHGOLI G, FIELKE J, DESBIOLLES J, et al.Optimising Oscillation Frequency in Oscillatory Tillage[J]. Soil and Tillage Research, 2010, 106(2): 202-210.
[65] 张军昌, 闫小丽, 林泽坤, 等. 自激式振动深松整地机设计与试验[J]. 农业机械学报, 2016, 47(9): 44-49.
ZHANG J C, YAN X L, LIN Z K, et al.Design and Experiment of Self-Exciting Vibration Deep-Loosening and Sub-Soiling Machine[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2016, 47(9): 44-49.
[66] 刘国敏, 邹猛, 李建桥. 蚯蚓体表自润滑仿生应用试验研究[J]. 江西农业大学学报, 2010, 32(2): 378-382.
LIU G M, ZOU M, LI J Q.An Experimental Study on the Bionic Application of the Earthworm Body Surface Self-Lubrication[J]. Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis (Natural Sciences Edition), 2010, 32(2): 378-382.
[67] SHAFI W K, CHAROO M S.An Overall Review on the Tribological, Thermal and Rheological Properties of Nanolubricants[J]. Tribology-Materials, Surfaces & Interfaces, 2021, 15(1): 20-54.
[68] 吴雪桥. 蚯蚓波纹润滑体表减粘降阻特性及耦合仿生研究[D]. 长春: 吉林大学, 2018.
WU X Q.Study on Resistance Reduction Characteristic of the Ripple-Lubrication Surface and Coupling Bionic[D]. Changchun: Jilin University, 2018.
[69] 乔维高, 蒋崇贤. 滑板电渗减阻机理及试验研究[J]. 农业机械学报, 1994, 25(4): 71-75.
QIAO W G, JIANG C X.The Mechanism and Experimental Research on Reducing Resistance by Electro-Osmosisin Slide[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 1994, 25(4): 71-75.
[70] LARSON D L, CLYMA H E.Electro-Osmosis Effectiveness in Reducing Tillage Draft Force and Energy Requirements[J]. Transactions of the ASAE, 1995, 38(5): 1281-1288.
[71] WANG Y, LI D, NIE C, et al.Research Progress on the Wear Resistance of Key Components in Agricultural Machinery[J]. Materials, 2023, 16(24): 7646.
[72] WANG X Z, LI P, et al.Discrete Element Simulations and Experiments of Soil-Winged Subsoiler Interaction[J]. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 2021, 14(1): 50-62.
[73] ZHANG X R, WANG C, CHEN Z S, et al.Design and Experiment of a Bionic Vibratory Subsoiler for Banana Fields in Southern China[J]. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 2016, 9(6): 75-83.
[74] 朱凤武. 金龟子形态分析及深松耕作部件仿生设计[D]. 长春: 吉林大学, 2005.
ZHU F W.Analysis of the Morphology of Scarabaeoidea and Bionic Design of Subsoiling Components[D]. Changchun: Jilin University, 2005.
[75] BARTHLOTT W, MAIL M, BHUSHAN B, et al.Plant Surfaces: Structures and Functions for Biomimetic Innovations[J]. Nano-Micro Letters, 2017, 9(2): 23.
[76] ZHOU W Q, NI X, WEN N, et al.Bionic Design of Liquid Fertilizer Deep Application Spray Needle, Based on Badger Claw-Toe, for Improving the Operating Performance of Liquid Fertilizer Deep Application in Northeast China[J]. Processes, 2023, 11(3): 756.
[77] 毕可东, 宋小闯, 王玉娟, 等. 猪笼草蜡质滑移区表面反粘附特性的研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2015, 51(23): 103-109.
BI K D, SONG X C, WANG Y J, et al.Anti-Adhesion Mechanisms of Nepenthes Waxy Slippery Zone Surface[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2015, 51(23): 103-109.
[78] YU J T, MA Y H, WANG S, et al.3D Finite Element Simulation and Experimental Validation of a Mole Rat’s Digit Inspired Biomimetic Potato Digging Shovel[J]. Applied Sciences, 2022, 12(3): 1761.
[79] TIAN G Z, ZHANG Y S, FENG X M, et al.Focus on Bioinspired Textured Surfaces Toward Fluid Drag Reduction: Recent Progresses and Challenges[J]. Advanced Engineering Materials, 2022, 24: 2100696.
[80] QIN L G, MA Z Y, SUN H J, et al.Drag Reduction and Antifouling Properties of Non-Smooth Surfaces Modified with ZIF-67[J]. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2021, 427: 127836.
[81] YAMAGATA N, RANDALL G, LAVOIE E, et al.Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Elemental Composition of the Terrestrial Isopod Armadillidium Vulgare Cuticle[J]. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 2022, 132: 105299.
[82] MASSAH J, ROUDBENEH F H, ROUDBENEH Z H, et al.Experimental Investigation of Bionic Soil-Engaging Blades for Soil Adhesion Reduction by Simulating Armadillidium Vulgare Body Surface[J]. INMATEH- Agricultural Engineering, 2020, 60(1): 99-106.
[83] 李庆达, 郭建永, 胡军, 等. 土壤耕作部件耐磨减阻处理的研究现状[J]. 表面技术, 2017, 46(2): 119-126.
LI Q D, GUO J Y, HU J, et al.Research Status of Wear Resistance and Drag Reduction Treatment of Soil Cultivation Components[J]. Surface Technology, 2017, 46(2): 119-126.
[84] ZHANG Z J, JIA H L, SUN J Y.Bioinspired Design of a Ridging Shovel with Anti-Adhesive and Drag Reducing[J]. Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 2015, 7(3): 1687814014568547.
[85] QAISRANI R, LI J Q.Application of Bio-Inspired Surfaces in Reducing Adhesion to the Surfaces of Soil- Engaging Components of Agricultural and Earth-Moving Machinery[M]. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing, 2016: 485-553.
[86] SCOTT R G, RICHARDSON R C.Realities of Biologically Inspired Design with a Subterranean Digging Robot Example[C]//Proceedings of the 6th IASTED International Conference on Robotics and Applications. 2005: 226-231.
[87] VAN WASSENBERGH S, HEINDRYCKX S, ADRIAENS D.Kinematics of Chisel-Tooth Digging by African Mole-Rats[J]. Journal of Experimental Biology, 2017, 220(23): 4479-4485.
[88] ZHANG Y, CAO J F, WANG Q, et al.Motion Characteristics of the Appendages of Mole Crickets during Burrowing[J]. Journal of Bionic Engineering, 2019, 16(2): 319-327.
[89] 李晓鹏. 马铃薯耦合仿生挖掘及其减阻研究[D]. 成都: 西华大学, 2018.
LI X P.Research on Potato Coupled-Bionic Digging and Its Drag Reduction[D]. Chengdu: Xihua University, 2018.
[90] 路云. 仿生储能-仿形深松装置设计与试验研究[D]. 长春: 吉林大学, 2023.
LU Y.Design and Experimental Study of Bionic Energy Storage-Profiling Subsoiling Device[D]. Changchun: Jilin University, 2023.
[91] 路云. 高速仿生开沟器设计与试验研究[D]. 长春: 吉林大学, 2020.
LU Y.Design and Experimental Study of High Speed Bionic Trench Opener[D]. Changchun: Jilin University, 2020.
[92] ZHAO J L, LU Y, WANG X G, et al.A Bionic Profiling-Energy Storage Device Based on MBD-DEM Coupled Simulation Optimization Reducing the Energy Consumption of Deep Loosening[J]. Soil and Tillage Research, 2023, 234: 105824.
[93] ZHAO J L, WANG X G, LU Y, et al.Biomimetic Earthworm Dynamic Soil Looser for Improving Soybean Emergence Rate in Cold and Arid Regions[J]. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 2021, 14(3): 22-31.
[94] 杨玉婉, 佟金, 马云海, 等. 基于鼹鼠多趾结构特征的仿生切土刀片设计与试验[J]. 农业机械学报, 2018, 49(12): 122-128.
YANG Y W, TONG J, MA Y H, et al.Design and Experiment of Bionic Soil-Cutting Blade Based on Multi-Claw Combination of Mole Rat[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2018, 49(12): 122-128.
[95] YANG Y W, TONG J, HUANG Y X, et al.Biomimetic Rotary Tillage Blade Design for Reduced Torque and Energy Requirement[J]. Applied Bionics and Biomechanics, 2021, 2021: 8573897.
[96] LI M, CHEN D H, ZHANG S J, et al.Biomimeitc Design of a Stubble-Cutting Disc Using Finite Element Analysis[J]. Journal of Bionic Engineering, 2013, 10(1): 118-127.
[97] MOORE A L, BUDNY J E, RUSSELL A P, et al.Architectural Specialization of the Intrinsic Thoracic Limb Musculature of the American Badger (Taxidea taxus)[J]. Journal of Morphology, 2013, 274(1): 35-48.
[98] ZHOU W Q, NI X, SONG K, et al.Bionic Optimization Design and Discrete Element Experimental Design of Carrot Combine Harvester Ripping Shovel[J]. Processes, 2023, 11(5): 1526.

Funding

The Youth Foundation of Shandong Natural Science Foundation (ZR2026QC0474, ZR2022QE172); National Key Research and Development Program (2023YFD2001100); Kashgar Science and Technology Plan Program (KS2024047); Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CXGC2025F21-2-4)