To address the problem of rapid wear failure of 65Mn steel plow surfaces caused by abrasive wear and soil adhesion during sandy/clayey tillage, the work aims to improve their tribological properties under water-soil solution lubrication and extend their service life through triple synergistic modification involving Ti/Mo doping, shot peening strengthening, and bionic texturing. 65Mn steel ingots without Ti/Mo doping and with (0.1wt.% Ti + 0.2wt.% Mo) doping were cast with a vacuum melting furnace. Combined with the key phase transformation temperatures calculated by JMatPro software, Ac1= 728.4 ℃, Ac3 = 768.7 ℃, and Ms = 265.5 ℃, heat treatments including normalizing (830 ℃×60 min), quenching (800 ℃×10 min, oil quenching), and tempering (265 ℃×120 min) were carried out to optimize the matrix structure and properties. A hardened layer was constructed by ultrasonic shot peening equipment (power 1.6 kW, frequency 20 kHz, using GCr15 steel balls with 63-65HRC and diameter 4 mm) under the conditions of dynamic pressure 0.35 MPa and coverage rate 300%. Based on the sinusoidal structure of pangolin scales, bionic textures with a texture ratio of 37% were fabricated by a fiber laser marking machine with a precision of 0.1 μm, under the parameters of working voltage 220 V, output power 20 W, pulse duration 200 ns, frequency 25 kHz, scanning speed 400 mm/s, and 4 repetitions. Room-temperature tribological property experiments of ball-on-disc reciprocating linear motion under water-soil solution lubrication were conducted on each sample with an HSR-2M friction and wear tester, at normal loads of 20 N (shallow tillage) and 50 N (deep tillage). For the friction pair, Si3N4 ceramic balls of 1 600-1 700HV and diameter 4 mm were used, and the friction coefficient and relative wear rate in the experiments were counted. The phase composition and properties were characterized by XRD, metallographic structure observation, surface roughness and hardness tests, and the wear mechanism was analyzed by SEM. Ti/Mo doping promoted grain refinement and formed TiC precipitated phases, which produced a pinning effect, increasing the hardness from 414.7HV of the un-doped sample (OR, originals) to 496.9HV of the doped sample (OD, only doping). Moreover, doping reduced the friction coefficient and wear rate under the two loads by 6.2%, 6.7% and 41.6%, 38.7% respectively, indicating that the doped Ti/Mo could effectively enhance the tribological properties of the 65Mn steel plow surface. Shot peening strengthening increased the surface roughness Ra of OD from 0.027 μm to 0.173 μm and the hardness from 496.9HV to 579.7HV. The roughened surface caused the friction coefficients of the shot-peened sample (DP, doping and peening) to be 9.3% and 10.3% higher than those of OD under the two loads respectively, but the increased hardness led to the wear rates of DP being 33.9% and 49.8% lower than those of OD respectively, meaning that single shot peening strengthening, although roughening the surface, enhanced the wear resistance. The single texture on OD improved the lubrication characteristics of the friction surface, resulting in the friction coefficients and wear rates of the textured sample (DT, doping and texturing) being 8.6%, 7.1% and 25.6%, 40.9% lower than those of OD under the two loads respectively. However, the single texture could not improve the hardness of OD, and the texture edges were prone to collapse during friction, so the improvement of friction reduction and wear resistance was limited. The sample with multiple modified layers (DPT, doping, pending and texturing) by doping, shot peening and bionic texturing had friction coefficients as low as 0.104, 0.112 and wear rates as low as 0.91×10-5 mm3/(N·m), 1.24×10-5 mm3/(N·m) under the two loads. Compared with OR, the decreases were as high as 28.7%, 25.3% and 84.8%, 85.9% respectively. Compared with OD, the decreases were as high as 24.1%, 20.0 % and 74.1%, 77.0% respectively. Multiple composite modifications could significantly improve the tribological characteristics of the 65Mn steel plow surface. Ti/Mo doping enhances the matrix properties through grain refinement strengthening and precipitation strengthening, the shot-peened hardened layer inhibits friction and wear and the bionic texture optimizes the interface lubrication state. The triple synergistic modification system of "strong matrix-hard surface layer-friction-reducing interface" provides a new scheme for the service life extension design of soil-contacting components in agricultural machinery.
Key words
65Mn steel /
Ti/Mo doping /
plow surface /
shot peening strengthening /
bionic texture /
tribological properties
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Funding
Key Project of Yunnan Provincial Joint Special Fund for Agricultural Basic Research (202301BD070001-012)
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