Dielectric Energy Storage Performance of PVDF Composite Films with PVP Coated Modification BaZr0.2Ti0.8O3 Nanofibers

CHEN Ling; LIU Xingbo; GUO Xu; LI Long; BAI Xuchun; WANG Kun; WANG Jiao; LIU Shaohui

doi:10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2026.10.020

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Surface Technology ›› 2026, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (10) : 250-259. DOI: 10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2026.10.020

Functional Surfaces and Technology

Dielectric Energy Storage Performance of PVDF Composite Films with PVP Coated Modification BaZr_0.2Ti_0.8O₃ Nanofibers

CHEN Ling¹, LIU Xingbo², GUO Xu¹, LI Long³, BAI Xuchun², WANG Kun³, WANG Jiao¹, LIU Shaohui^1,*

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Abstract

Dielectric capacitors with high energy storage density are critical components in modern electronics and advanced technological systems. Owing to their ultrahigh power density, nanosecond-scale charge-discharge response, unmatched cyclic stability, and long-term operational reliability, they play an indispensable role in areas such as industrial electronics, high-end medical equipment, and defense systems. With the accelerating trend toward lightweight and miniaturized electronic devices, increasingly stringent demands are being placed on the energy storage density of capacitor components. However, conventional dielectric materials can no longer meet the energy storage requirements of cutting-edge applications, rendering this a key bottleneck limiting further technological advancement. Consequently, the development of high-performance dielectric capacitors for energy storage has become an urgent priority, and the central challenge lies in the design and controllable fabrication of dielectric materials capable of achieving high energy storage density.
One-dimensional BaZr_0.2Ti_0.8O₃ (BZT) nanofibers (NFs) were fabricated with the electrospinning technique. The surface of these BZT NFs was coated with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in order to enhance their dispersion within the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) matrix and improve interfacial compatibility. A series of BZT@PVP NF/PVDF composite films with varying filler volume fractions were prepared through a casting process. By combining finite element simulation and experimental characterization methods, the effect mechanism of PVP-modified BZT nanofibers on the microstructure, dielectric properties, and energy storage behavior of the composite materials under different doping concentrations was systematically investigated.
The experimental results demonstrated that the synthesized BZT nanofibers exhibited a typical perovskite crystal structure and possessed excellent one-dimensional morphological characteristics, with a diameter distribution ranging from 70 to 130 nm and a length between 2 and 6 μm. Due to the interaction between functional groups in PVP molecules and the BZT surface, a core-shell structured BZT@PVP NF was successfully constructed. This surface modification strategy significantly improved the uniform dispersion of inorganic fillers within the polymer matrix and enhanced the interfacial bonding between the two phases. As the content of modified nanofibers increased, the dielectric constant of the composite films gradually rose. When the filling amount of BZT@PVP NF reached 7.5vol.%, the dielectric constant of this PVDF composite film attained 22.1 at room temperature, while exhibiting lower dielectric loss and higher breakdown strength. The energy storage performance test revealed that when the filling amount was only 2.5vol.%, the energy storage density of the composite film increased to 7.41 J/cm³, which was approximately 163% higher than that of pure PVDF. The improvement in performance was mainly attributed to the role of the PVP coating layer. On one hand, it enhanced the interfacial compatibility between the filler and matrix and on the other hand, it effectively prevented direct contact between fillers, inhibiting the generation of leakage current. Finite element simulation further confirmed that PVP modification helped optimize the electric field distribution within the composite system, alleviating local electric field concentration, thereby significantly improving the breakdown field strength of the composite films.
Through PVP surface coating modification, the interface characteristics of BZT nanofibers can be effectively regulated, achieving a synergistic enhancement of the dielectric constant and breakdown field strength of PVDF-based composite films at a lower filling ratio, thus greatly improving their energy storage performance. This study provides a feasible technical approach and experimental foundation for the design and development of high-performance polymer dielectric materials.

Key words

composite films / barium zirconium titanate / energy storage performance / nanofibers / surface modification / dielectric properties

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CHEN Ling, LIU Xingbo, GUO Xu, LI Long, BAI Xuchun, WANG Kun, WANG Jiao, LIU Shaohui. Dielectric Energy Storage Performance of PVDF Composite Films with PVP Coated Modification BaZr_0.2Ti_0.8O₃ Nanofibers[J]. Surface Technology. 2026, 55(10): 250-259

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Funding

The Programs for Tackling Key Problems in Science and Technology of Henan Province (252102231014, 262102231004); The Innovation Training Program for College Students in Henan Province (202611517001); Key scientific research projects of colleges and universities in Henan Province (26A430004)