Research Progress on Electroless Plating Surface Modification Technology in the Construction of Multifunctional Properties of Materials

CAI Haonan; JIANG Jinyuan; WU Guojie; XIA Siqi; LI Ruyu; HUANG Dongfang; ZHOU Quanbao; LYU Peng; WANG Xuegang

doi:10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2026.08.012

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Surface Technology ›› 2026, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (8) : 150-167. DOI: 10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2026.08.012

Research Progress on Electroless Plating Surface Modification Technology in the Construction of Multifunctional Properties of Materials

CAI Haonan^a, JIANG Jinyuan^b, WU Guojie^a, XIA Siqi^a, LI Ruyu^b, HUANG Dongfang^a, ZHOU Quanbao^b, LYU Peng^a,c,*, WANG Xuegang^a,c,*

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Abstract

Electroless plating is a highly promising surface modification technology for materials. Its fundamental principle involves using a strong reducing agent in a metal ion solution to reduce metal ions into an elemental metal, which is then deposited onto the substrate surface to form a dense coating. The work aims to review the significant advantages of electroless plating in constructing multifunctional material properties, including the ability to form uniform and dense coatings on substrates with complex structures, broad process adaptability, and relatively simple equipment. Based on this, the recent research progress in electroless plating technology for constructing material functional characteristics is reviewed. The applications are categorized into four "functional objectives", including structural strengthening, interfacial functionalization, energy transmission, and stimulus-responsive functionality.
The structural reinforcement is mainly achieved by using deposition coatings to withstand external loads or internal stresses. With a nickel-based coating as an example, electroless plating technology can bond the nickel coating to the material substrate, enhancing the hardness of the material surface and improving the load-bearing capacity and wear resistance of the material. For the interface functionalization, the chemical properties of the coating are adjusted to regulate the interaction between the material and the environment, thereby endowing the material with specific functions. For example, the antibacterial effect of the material can be enhanced by the chemical silver plating method. The core of energy transport lies in establishing efficient energy transmission channels through the coating. By using electroless plating technology to deposit different functional coatings on the surface of materials, different external transmission channels can be created. For example, electroless copper plating of insulating materials can form continuous metal conductive paths, enabling the insulating materials to achieve efficient electron transmission. In stimuli-responsive applications, electroless plating enables materials to perceive and respond to external stimuli by constructing specific responsive coatings on the material surface. This allows the materials to transition from a static state to a dynamic sensing state. A typical example is the application of electroless plating technology to deposit a soft magnetic layer on the surface of the material. This layer has a high magnetic permeability that can sensitively respond to changes in the external magnetic field and achieve efficient magnetic-to-electrical signal conversion through a significant magnetic impedance effect.
For each category, typical coating systems, mechanisms, and representative applications are summarized. Relevant studies indicate that by adjusting different coating compositions (such as Ni-P, Ni-B, Cu, Ag, Pd, and their composite systems) and microstructures, the surface properties of materials can be effectively modified, thereby endowing material surfaces with excellent multifunctional characteristics in a targeted manner. Among these, Ni-P-based coatings exhibit broad applicability due to their tunable composition and microstructure, as well as ease of integration with functional materials, including properties such as plasticity and corrosion resistance. Noble metals (e.g., Pd and Ru/Pd) demonstrate unique advantages in hydrogen storage and permeation properties, while Ag and Cu are more conducive to enhancing electrical conductivity, thermal insulation, and antibacterial functions. However, electroless plating technology still faces several challenges, including the lack of widely applicable quantitative analysis models, insufficient stability in continuous processes, low recycling efficiency of plating solutions, and the absence of unified standards for testing methods and evaluation metrics. In conclusion, further research needs to continuously advance the development of electroless plating technology in areas such as quantifiable mechanisms and green processes, to accelerate its transformation from laboratory achievements to industrial and sustainable applications.

Key words

electroless plating / surface modification / material properties / functionalization / coating

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CAI Haonan, JIANG Jinyuan, WU Guojie, XIA Siqi, LI Ruyu, HUANG Dongfang, ZHOU Quanbao, LYU Peng, WANG Xuegang. Research Progress on Electroless Plating Surface Modification Technology in the Construction of Multifunctional Properties of Materials[J]. Surface Technology. 2026, 55(8): 150-167

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Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China (12205042); Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation (20252BAC240176); Science and Technology Research Project of Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education (GJJ2200762)