Investigations on Crystallographic Texture Prediction and Wear Resistance of TC4 Chip Foils with Large Strain Extrusion Machining

WANG Qingqing; GUO Runxin; WANG Zhuofu; BI Yu; CHENG Yanhai; TINA Xianhua

doi:10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2026.07.001

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Surface Technology ›› 2026, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (7) : 1-15. DOI: 10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2026.07.001

Investigations on Crystallographic Texture Prediction and Wear Resistance of TC4 Chip Foils with Large Strain Extrusion Machining

WANG Qingqing, GUO Runxin, WANG Zhuofu, BI Yu, CHENG Yanhai, TINA Xianhua^*

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Abstract

Large strain extrusion machining (LSEM) can realize the creation of ultra-fine grained chip foil, and change the crystallographic texture type of chip foil. The ultra-fine grained chip foil used in the micro-electro-mechanical system can improve its overall performance significantly, especially the ultra-fine grained chip foil with special crystallographic textures. The mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, etc. are closely related to the material crystallographic texture. Therefore, it is vital to explore the influences of chip foil crystallographic textures on its performances. In this study, the extrusion machining of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V is taken as the research object, the formation and evolution of crystallographic textures of chip foil and thus its influences on wear resistance are explored to realize the control of crystallographic textures of ultra-fine grained chip foil. A coupled finite element simulation and visco plastic self-consistent (VPSC) model was employed to predict crystallographic textures for Ti-6Al-4V foil under different cutting thickness compression ratios. The slip systems of Ti-6Al-4V activated in the LSEM are analyzed to show the internal formation mechanism of different crystallographic textures for chip foil. Meanwhile, the wear resistance of different texture types of chip foil is analyzed by nano scratch test. The results show that the extrusion machining chip foil presents relatively uniform deformation. The elongated grains in chip foil are refined to 1-3 μm when the shear strain is about 2. With the increase of the chip thickness ratio, large grains and fine equiaxed grains are coexisted in the chip foil because the extrusion strain is decreased. Three crystallographic textures of titanium alloy chip foil are included, {11‒20}<0001>, inclined {11‒20}<0001>and {10‒10}<11‒20> matrix textures. VPSC simulation results show that at a high strain rate (5.89×10⁴ s^-1), the activations of basal slip system and second-order pyramidal <c+a> slip system dominate the formation of the {11‒20}<0001>texture. Under the condition of large strain (shear strain≥2), the activation of the first-order <c+a> pyramidal slip system and the second-order <c+a> pyramidal slip system have large influences on the formation of the inclined {11‒20}<0001> texture. Nano scratch tests show that the wear resistance of chip foil with a {11‒20} crystal plane is better than that of the chip foil with a {10‒10} crystal plane, and the wear resistance of chip foil with a crystal plane of easy slip deformation is poor. The extrusion strain has a great influence on the grain refinement degree and grain refinement uniformity of the chip foil. The relative activity of each slip system during LSEM is the microscopic factor which affects the formation of the crystallographic texture for Ti-6Al-4V chip foil. It provides some guidance for the preparation of titanium alloy chip foil by controlling extrusion machining parameters. The crystallographic texture of chip foil exhibits poor wear resistance due to the easy slip deformation of the crystal plane, which intuitively demonstrates the corresponding relationship between the crystallographic texture and wear resistance of titanium alloy chip foil.

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large strain extrusion machining / titanium alloy ultra-fine grained foil / crystallographic texture / viscoplastic self-consistent model / wear resistance

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WANG Qingqing, GUO Runxin, WANG Zhuofu, BI Yu, CHENG Yanhai, TINA Xianhua. Investigations on Crystallographic Texture Prediction and Wear Resistance of TC4 Chip Foils with Large Strain Extrusion Machining[J]. Surface Technology. 2026, 55(7): 1-15

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