Progress in Preparation and Anti-icing/De-icing Research of Cement-based (Super) Hydrophobic Materials

GONG Miaomiao; LIU Jianshe; DING Jinhua; REN Yinxia; HE Rui; SHEN Ao; CHEN Xinyi; LIU Tongjie

doi:10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2026.06.016

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Surface Technology ›› 2026, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (6) : 215-231. DOI: 10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2026.06.016

Functional Surfaces and Technology

Progress in Preparation and Anti-icing/De-icing Research of Cement-based (Super) Hydrophobic Materials

GONG Miaomiao^1,2, LIU Jianshe^1,2, DING Jinhua^1,2,*, REN Yinxia³, HE Rui^1,2, SHEN Ao^1,2, CHEN Xinyi^1,2, LIU Tongjie^1,2

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Abstract

Cement-based materials have been widely used in engineering in the northwest region. However, in cold and arid environments, the coupling effects of multiple factors such as freeze-thaw cycles, dry-wet alternation, and ionic corrosion lead to significant deterioration or even failure in mechanical properties of cement-based materials, with freezing damage being a prominent issue that seriously threatens the safety and long-term durability of engineering structures. Superhydrophobic coatings, due to their excellent water resistance and simple preparation process, have become an effective means to enhance the durability of cement-based materials.
With a contact angle of greater than 150° and a rolling angle of less than 10°, the solid surface exhibits superhydrophobic characteristics, allowing water droplets to easily roll off and carry away contaminants. Currently, the theoretical models used to explain this phenomenon mainly include the Young model, the Wenzel model, and the Cassie-Baxter model. They gradually reveal the synergistic action mechanisms between micro-nanostructures on superhydrophobic surfaces, such as lotus leaves, and low surface energy substances, laying a theoretical foundation for understanding the superhydrophobic mechanism and designing biomimetic superhydrophobic materials.
Inspired by the lotus effect, superhydrophobic cement-based materials show great promise in enhancing durability, impermeability, and corrosion resistance. However, their practical applications still face challenges such as poor wear resistance, difficulty in large-scale production, and insufficient long-term stability. Currently, the superhydrophobic modification technologies for cement-based materials mainly include surface treatment and bulk modification methods. Surface treatments (such as sol-gel methods, templating methods, chemical deposition methods, and layer-by-layer self-assembly) create micro-nano rough structures on the surface of cement-based materials and modify them with low surface energy substances, resulting in coatings with significant hydrophobic effects and precisely tunable surface structures. Overall modification involves incorporating hydrophobic agents or pre-modified hydrophobic powders internally, enabling the cement-based materials to possess hydrophobic properties from the inside out. This effectively prevents performance failures due to surface damage, enhancing the applicability and durability of the project. Various methods have unique characteristics in terms of structural control, durability, process complexity, and economic feasibility, providing multiple technical paths for the practical application of super hydrophobic cement-based materials.
Further, the enhancement mechanism and effect of superhydrophobic coatings on the key properties of cement-based materials are analyzed. Superhydrophobic coatings improve frost resistance by blockading moisture and optimizing pore structure, suppressing micro-crack propagation, and enhancing durability in extremely cold environments. At the same time, they can inhibit chloride ion migration, delay rebar corrosion, and improve corrosion resistance. In ice prevention and removal, superhydrophobic surfaces significantly improve anti-icing and de-icing performance through three mechanisms, namely, promoting water droplets to roll off, delaying ice nucleation, and reducing ice layer adhesion strength.
Currently, this material still faces challenges such as insufficient durability and environmental adaptability. Future research should focus on developing surface-bulk composite modification strategies to synergistically enhance mechanical and long-lasting hydrophobic properties; developing green, low-cost preparation processes based on solid waste resources; and expanding its applications in fields such as anti-icing and anti-corrosion. Finally, it is expected to create superhydrophobic surfaces with high cold resistance to more effectively address the engineering icing problems in the northwestern region.

Key words

cement-based materials / hydrophobic modification / wetting model / coating performance / durability / anti-icing and de-icing field

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GONG Miaomiao, LIU Jianshe, DING Jinhua, REN Yinxia, HE Rui, SHEN Ao, CHEN Xinyi, LIU Tongjie. Progress in Preparation and Anti-icing/De-icing Research of Cement-based (Super) Hydrophobic Materials[J]. Surface Technology. 2026, 55(6): 215-231

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Funding

Basic Research Project of Higher Education Institutions in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XJEDU2025J049); Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (2022D01B98); Talent Research and Development Project of Xinjiang Agricultural University (6660946/2522GCCRC)