Experimental and Numerical Study of Gas-solid Erosion on X80 and X65 Pipeline Steels

XIAO Jie; LIN Yuanhua; CHENG Jinliang; SHI Weimiao; DENG Kuanhai; HE Long; LIU Qiaoping; LU Jun'an

doi:10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2026.05.023

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Surface Technology ›› 2026, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (5) : 293-303. DOI: 10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2026.05.023

Friction, Wear and Lubrication

Experimental and Numerical Study of Gas-solid Erosion on X80 and X65 Pipeline Steels

XIAO Jie¹, LIN Yuanhua^1,*, CHENG Jinliang^1a, SHI Weimiao^1a, DENG Kuanhai^1a, HE Long², LIU Qiaoping³, LU Jun'an⁴

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Abstract

Solid impurities in natural gas transmission pipelines cause severe erosive wear damage to the pipeline walls. Ensuring pipeline stability and safety is crucial for natural gas energy security and industrial development, necessitating the prediction and prevention of erosion incidents in pipeline steels during gas transportation.
In this study, an air jet experimental apparatus compliant with the ASTM-G76 standard is employed to conduct gas-solid erosion experiments on X80 and X65 pipeline steels, which are commonly used in gas transmission pipelines. The erosion behavior of these steels is comparatively investigated under varying impact angles (30°, 45°, 60°, 92°) and impact velocities (45 m/s, 56 m/s, 64 m/s, 72 m/s). Erosion scar volume and depth are quantitatively measured with a Contour GT InMotion 3D optical profilometer. The microscopic morphology of eroded regions is characterized via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), enabling comparative analysis of the erosion mechanisms for each pipeline steel. Based on the Alhert erosion prediction model, erosion rate equations for X80 and X65 pipeline steels are established. A nozzle-erosion chamber CFD erosion model is constructed for different materials to validate these erosion rate equations, thereby providing data support for CFD gas-solid erosion simulation of pipeline steels under complex flow fields.
The variation trend of erosion rate for X80 and X65 pipeline steels is consistent: the erosion rate decreases with increasing impact angles (from 30° to 90°) and increased with increasing impact velocities (from 45 m/s to 72 m/s). The evolution of their macroscopic erosion morphology follows a similar pattern: the scar shape transitions from elliptical at 30° towards circular at 90°. The impact velocity does not significantly alter the macroscopic erosion morphology. Under identical experimental conditions, the macroscopic erosion morphology and scar area exhibit minimal differences between X80 and X65 steels. However, due to its higher hardness (X80: 280.6HV, X65: 214.3HV), X80 demonstrates the shallowest erosion depth, the smallest wear volume, and consequently, the lowest erosion rate. The material removal mechanisms for both steels evolve similarly with increasing impact angles: a transition from predominantly plowing to mechanisms dominated by compaction and cracking. At 30°, material removal is primarily governed by the highly efficient plowing mechanism. At 45°, plowing, compaction, and cracking coexist. By 60°, compaction and cracking become dominant, with plowing significantly reduced. At 90°, compaction and cracking are the principal removal mechanisms, with plowing virtually absent. The material type influences the effectiveness of these mechanisms rather than their fundamental nature. Specifically, at 30°, the grooves generated by plowing are the shortest and narrowest for X80. At 90°, the depth of indentations and the number of cracks caused by compaction and cracking are higher for X65 compared with X80.
The erosion behavior of both X80 and X65 pipeline steels conforms to the general patterns observed in typical ductile materials. Among the pipeline steels studied, X80 exhibits the optimal erosion resistance. Erosion rate equations for X80 and X65 pipeline steels are successfully established. Validation using the nozzle-erosion chamber CFD erosion model yields the maximum relative errors of -9.3% for X80 and -9.7% for X65, confirming the accuracy and scientific validity of the fitted erosion rate equations. This work provides essential support for conducting CFD gas-solid erosion simulations of pipeline steels within complex flow fields.

Key words

pipeline steel / erosive wear / gas-solid erosion / erosion rate equation / CFD erosion model

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XIAO Jie, LIN Yuanhua, CHENG Jinliang, SHI Weimiao, DENG Kuanhai, HE Long, LIU Qiaoping, LU Jun'an. Experimental and Numerical Study of Gas-solid Erosion on X80 and X65 Pipeline Steels[J]. Surface Technology. 2026, 55(5): 293-303

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