As a critical component in mining operations for breaking rocks and coals, the pick suffers severe wear problems. To enhance the wear resistance of the 42CrMo alloy steel used in the pick, laser cladding technology has been widely employed due to its significant advantages, including controllable dilution rate, precise heat input, minimal base material thermal deformation, and high process stability. In this study, a metal substrate coating with high carbide content was developed, and its strengthening mechanism was analyzed. A 70% TiC-VC reinforced Fe-based composite coating was prepared on the surface of 42CrMo alloy steel with the laser cladding method. The differences in microstructure and tribological properties of the cladding layer at different laser powers (1 000 W, 1 500 W, and 2 000 W) were compared. The spot diameter, scan velocity, overlap rate, and pre-placed thickness were set to 3 mm, 500 mm/min, 50%, and 2 mm, respectively. Besides, to reduce stress concentration in the cladding layer and improve forming quality, the samples after laser cladding were annealed at 100 ℃ for 5 hours and then cooled to room temperature in the furnace. Then, the microstructure, phase composition, microhardness, and tribological properties of the samples before and after laser cladding were measured. Besides, the dissolution process of TiC particles was elucidated by comparing the temperature field distribution under different laser powers. The cladding layer under different laser powers all contained α-Fe, TiC, and VC phases. During the cladding process, irregular TiC particles dissolved when absorbing laser energy and combined with VC to form dispersed TiC-VC composite particles. TiC particles had the highest hardness and extremely poor toughness. However, the dispersed small TiC-VC composite particles maintained high hardness while ensuring toughness. The hardness of the cladding layer under different laser powers remained similar, reaching 1 005HV0.2, which was 1.81 times that of the 42CrMo steel substrate (357.6HV0.2). The dominant wear mechanisms before and after laser cladding were abrasive wear and oxidative wear, which remained unchanged. However, the small TiC-VC composite particles played a dispersion strengthening role, effectively limiting deformation in the cladding layer and significantly enhancing its resistance to abrasive erosion. After laser cladding, the wear scar surface became smooth, and grooves were no longer noticeable. When the laser power increased from 1 000 W to 2 000 W, the number of large TiC particles gradually decreased with a transition from a uniform distribution to a concentration at the bottom. Meanwhile, the number of small composite particles gradually increased, and their distribution became more dispersed. Simulation of the temperature field also verified this result. Therefore, as the laser power increased from 0 W to 1 000 W, 1 500 W, and 2 000 W, the wear volume decreased from 12.28×10-3 mm3 to 2.32× 10-3 mm3, 1.89×10-3 mm3, and 1.02×10-3 mm3, respectively, with the decline ratio of 81.1%, 84.6%, and 91.7%, respectively. The 70% TiC-VC reinforced Fe-based coating prepared by laser cladding can significantly improve the wear resistance of 42CrMo alloy steel, which is an effective method for protecting the pick from wear.
Key words
laser cladding /
Fe/TiC-VC coating /
laser power /
microstructure /
wear resistance
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Funding
The University Synergy Innovation Program of Anhui Province (GXXT-2022-019); State Key Laboratory for Mining Response and Disaster Prevention and Control of Deep Coal Mines Open Fund (SKLMRDPC23KF23, SKLMRDPC22KF26); Scientific Research Foundation for High-level Talents of Anhui University of Science and Technology (2023yjrc69)
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