Effect of Glass Flux and Color Filler on Peel Strength of Glaze Layer on Photovoltaic Glazed Glass

HUANG Yanping; SHAN Yanyan; MENG Qingfa; SUN Xiaoyang; LU Jiayan; JIANG Jie; WANG Yi

doi:10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2026.04.020

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Surface Technology ›› 2026, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (4) : 229-237. DOI: 10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2026.04.020

Functional Surfaces and Technology

Effect of Glass Flux and Color Filler on Peel Strength of Glaze Layer on Photovoltaic Glazed Glass

HUANG Yanping^*, SHAN Yanyan, MENG Qingfa, SUN Xiaoyang, LU Jiayan, JIANG Jie, WANG Yi

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Abstract

As a fundamental element of photovoltaic energy conversion, the efficiency of photovoltaic modules remains a primary focus of research both domestically and internationally. Applying a glaze layer at the gap between backplane glass and solar cells effectively enhances the power output of double-glass photovoltaic modules. Current investigations predominantly examine the reflectivity properties of white glaze layers and their effects on mechanical integrity of glass, with limited attention to factors affecting glaze adhesion. This article studies the effects of glass fluxes and color fillers on the adhesion properties of glaze layers. The formulation employed low-melting-point and conventional glass fluxes as fluxing agents, with titanium dioxide and copper chrome black as color fillers. These components are combined with an acrylic resin matrix and appropriate additives to synthesize the glaze. The preparation involved the glass fluxes, color fillers, acrylic resin solution, and additives in a mass ratio of 52%∶30%∶10%∶8%, followed by mechanical stirring for 30 minutes to ensure uniform dispersion. A glaze layer approximately 20 μm in thickness is uniformly deposited onto the textured glass substrate with a coating applicator. The glazed glass is subsequently placed to thermal curing in a convection oven at 150 ℃ for 15 minutes. After complete solvent evaporation, the specimens are heated in a muffle furnace at 700 ℃ for 5 minutes, resulting in four types of glazed glass. The static water contact angle of each glaze layer is measured with a contact angle goniometer (KRUSS DSA25S), and surface microstructure is examined via SEM (Zeiss SIGMA). Laminates are assembled by layering four types of glazed glass with three types of Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) (cured at 145 ℃, vacuumed for 6 minutes, pressed for 10 minutes). The peel strength between the glaze layer and EVA is evaluated with a universal testing machine (INSTRON 3367). These laminates undergo PCT at 121 ℃ and 100% relative humidity for 96 hours, followed by re-assessment of peel strength. The surface of glaze layer prepared by titanium dioxide is rough. The contact angle of the glaze layer prepared by low melting point glass flux and titanium dioxide is 32.5° smaller than that of glaze layer prepared by conventional glass fluxes and copper chrome black, and the interface binding energy is 70 J higher. The glaze layer prepared by low melting point glass fluxes and titanium dioxide has the best adhesion performance, and the peel strength can reach 125 N/cm, which is 37 N/cm higher than that prepared by conventional glass fluxes and copper chrome black. The glass flux has a great influence on the peel strength of the glaze layer. The surface of the glaze layer prepared by low melting point glass fluxes shows good wettability. The addition of Bi₂O₃ can improve the formation rate of Si—O—Si bond at the interface and further improve the interface energy. The polarity difference of the color filler leads to different surface roughness of the glaze layer. The particle accumulation structure on the surface of the glaze layer prepared by titanium dioxide effectively increases the bonding contact with the film.

Key words

photovoltaic glazed glass / photovoltaic glaze / peel strength / adhesion performance / wettability / EVA encapsulant

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HUANG Yanping, SHAN Yanyan, MENG Qingfa, SUN Xiaoyang, LU Jiayan, JIANG Jie, WANG Yi. Effect of Glass Flux and Color Filler on Peel Strength of Glaze Layer on Photovoltaic Glazed Glass[J]. Surface Technology. 2026, 55(4): 229-237

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