Water is a major factor contributing to lead oxidation, and the accumulation of dust on the surface of lead materials can also affect their service life. Therefore, improving the hydrophobicity of the lead surface is crucial. The work aims to explore the impact of different processing parameters on the hydrophobicity and self-cleaning properties of lead by constructing a rough microstructure on the surface of lead plates through a composite process (rolling, laser processing, and heat treatment). With lead plates as the base material, the surface of the lead was treated by combining rolling, laser processing, and heat treatment. The evolution of the surface microstructure was observed with an optical microscope to analyze the changes in surface morphology after different processing techniques. Surface profile measurements were taken at five different positions on the sample with a profilometer. The fractal dimension of the profile curves at each position was calculated by the box-counting method, and the average value was used to represent the complexity of the sample's surface profile. This parameter indirectly reflected the microstructure of the surface. A contact angle measurement device was used to measure the contact angle at five different positions on the sample's surface, and the average value was taken to characterize the hydrophobicity of the surface. To test the self-cleaning performance, wheat flour particles were used as a simulated dust pollutant. The extent of pollutant removal after droplet deposition was evaluated to assess the differences in self-cleaning performance. The rolling parameters (total reduction rate, lubrication conditions, number of rolling passes), laser processing parameters (laser spacing, scanning speed), and heat treatment parameters (heat treatment temperature, heat treatment time) were established as orthogonal experimental factors. With the quasi-level method, a mixed orthogonal array of L16(43×24) was selected to design a set of orthogonal experiments, and the fractal dimension analysis was performed to explore the mechanisms by which different processing parameters affected the hydrophobicity of the material's surface. The results indicated that the composite process improved the static contact angle of the lead plate from 114.5° to 139.3°, resulting in a 21.6% improvement in hydrophobicity and an enhancement in self-cleaning performance. There was a negative correlation between the contact angle and the fractal dimension (R2= 0.88, with an F-test showing over 99% confidence). A smaller fractal dimension corresponded to a larger contact angle, which indicated better hydrophobicity. Among the key factors affecting surface hydrophobicity, laser processing parameters such as scanning speed and laser spacing played a crucial role by directly altering the surface microstructure to optimize hydrophobicity. The heat treatment process affected the hydrophobicity by adjusting the surface microstructure, but its effect was relatively weak, and the corresponding parameters had a limited impact on the surface's hydrophobic properties. The rolling process parameters did not significantly affect the surface hydrophobicity. This study provides a low-cost and easy-to-operate process for improving the hydrophobicity of lead-based materials. By revealing the effect of different processing parameters on the hydrophobicity of lead plates, it offers theoretical support for parameter optimization in practical production.
Key words
hydrophobicity /
fractal dimension /
laser processing /
lead plate /
self-cleaning performance /
heat treatment
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Funding
Experimental Funds of Analysis and Testing Center, Wuhan University of Science and Technology
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