Grinding Carburization 20CrMnTi Surface Removal Mechanism Considering Material Fluent Characteristics

CAO Changhong; FENG Junchao; TAO Yanhui; SUN Cong; SONG Chengjie

doi:10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2025.20.015

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Surface Technology ›› 2025, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (20) : 207-216. DOI: 10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2025.20.015

Precision and Ultra-precision Machining

Grinding Carburization 20CrMnTi Surface Removal Mechanism Considering Material Fluent Characteristics

CAO Changhong¹, FENG Junchao², TAO Yanhui¹, SUN Cong^3,*, SONG Chengjie³

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Abstract

20CrMnTi is a kind of low-carbon alloy steel material with outstanding performance in the engineering field. To adapt to the complex service environment with the impact of alternating loads in extreme environments, it is necessary to fully explore the potential of 20CrMnTi modification and manufacturing, and develop a new anti-fatigue shape-performance collaborative manufacturing method to achieve the engineering value of long durability under multi-cycle service. A surface anti-fatigue manufacturing method of grinding and carburizing strengthening based on the dynamic thermomechanical coupling effect during machining was proposed, and a surface material generation model of grinding and carburizing strengthening considering the material flow characteristics was established. A preset carbon layer was prepared on the workpiece surface by mixing carbon powder and starch aqueous solution and mold. And the carbon layer was placed in a muffle furnace, and then dried and dehydrated at low heating temperature. The 20CrMnTi workpiece was pre-ground to maintain a relatively high flatness. The dehydrated carbon layer was placed on the workpiece surface, and the surface material of the workpiece was subject to deep grinding to fully utilize the thermomechanical coupling effect during machining and the high-frequency impact micro-forging effect of the grinding wheel, realizing the shape-performance collaborative anti-fatigue manufacturing of the machined surface. Meanwhile, based on the kinematics law of the abrasive grains on the grinding wheel surface during machining and the cold working hardening property of the machined material, the generation mechanism of carburizing strengthening modification of the machined surface material was explored. The grinding force on the surface processed by grinding and carburizing strengthening could be reduced to a certain extent. Moreover, it was found that the ductile removal of the surface material strengthened by grinding and carburizing was weakened, while the brittle removal of the material in the machining area was enhanced. This was because the material flow characteristics were reduced and the surface material in the machining area was more likely to break prematurely. The surface roughness of the carburizing strengthening processed surface under the strong thermomechanical coupling effect was 0.97 μm, while the surface roughness caused by machining chatter under smaller machining parameters was 5.7 μm. Moreover, the hardness after hardening could reach 3.5 times that of the substrate hardness, and the maximum residual compressive stress obtained was 260 MPa. By utilizing the thermomechanical coupling effect in the abrasive grain processing process, solid-state carburizing strengthening processing was carried out on the preset carbon layer on the surface. After the solid-state carbon source was activated into free carbon atoms, it directly changed the microscopic properties of the material and influenced the surface generation process. This dynamic generation process was jointly determined by the abrasive grains in high-speed motion, the thermomechanical coupling effect during machining, and the changing and moving laws of phase change materials. This study clarifies the shape-performance collaborative generation mechanism of the proposed process method, which can realize high-performance manufacturing on the surface of low-carbon alloy steel and provide theoretical and technological value for the shape-performance collaborative manufacturing of key surfaces in extreme environments.

Key words

20CrMnTi / grinding carburization strengthening / surface generation / material fluent

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CAO Changhong, FENG Junchao, TAO Yanhui, SUN Cong, SONG Chengjie. Grinding Carburization 20CrMnTi Surface Removal Mechanism Considering Material Fluent Characteristics[J]. Surface Technology. 2025, 54(20): 207-216 https://doi.org/10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2025.20.015

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Funding

General Program of the Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region（202501A64）; The Green Mineral Processing, Metallurgy and Materials Processing Scientific Research Innovation Team of Xinjiang Institute of Engineering; Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Key Research and Development Project(2022B01036)