High current pulsed electron beam (HCPEB) technology is a new high-energy density charged particle beam technology in recent years. It has the characteristics of fast heating speed, small workpiece deformation, high modification efficiency, and precise modification area. Through microsecond level electron beam irradiation, the material surface undergoes instantaneous heating and rapid cooling. The intense thermal coupling effect can produce surface phase transition, surface purification, grain refinement, composition homogenization, and surface defect repair, thereby improving the surface properties of the material. TA15 (Ti-6.5Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V) titanium alloy is a typical near alpha titanium alloy with advantages such as high specific strength and high-temperature stability. It has been widely used in aerospace, shipbuilding and other fields. However, TA15 titanium alloy has poor wear resistance and its surface faces serious wear problems in high-strength, high-load and high-friction working environments. Therefore, this paper uses HCPEB to modify the surface of TA15 titanium alloy, exploring the changes in wear resistance and microscopic mechanisms of TA15 titanium alloy under different pulse number.
The TA15 titanium alloy is cut into samples with a size of 25 mm×10 mm×3 mm, and the surface is polished with 200-2000# sandpaper, polished with OPS silica polishing liquid, ultrasonically rinsed with alcohol, and dried with dry gas. The surface of the TA15 titanium alloy is irradiated with a HOPE-I HCPEB device. The working parameters of the HCPEB treatment are 26 kV acceleration voltage, 2 μs pulse width, 4 J/cm2 energy density, and 1, 3, 8, 15 and 22 pulses. The samples' phase composition is examined with a D8 ADVANCE X-ray diffractometer. The surface and cross-sectional morphologies of the samples are observed with a LEICA DMI8 metallographic microscope, a SU5000 field emission scanning electron microscope and an OLYMPUS OLS4000 laser confocal microscope. The surface roughness and surface extremes of the samples are measured with an OLYMPUS OLS4000 laser confocal microscope. The changes in the element content on the surface of the samples are analyzed with an Ultim Max energy spectrum analyzer. The changes in dislocation density and grain size of the samples are analyzed with a scanning electron microscope accessory, the SYMMETRY2 electron backscatter diffraction probe. The Vickers hardness of the samples is tested with a HXD-1000TMC/LCD digital microhardness tester. The wear resistance of the samples is measured with a WTM-2E pin-on-disc controlled atmosphere micro-tribometer.
According to the analysis results, after HCPEB irradiation treatment, a single α′ martensite phase is generated in the modified layer of TA15 titanium alloy. On the surface of the samples, craters develop. Both the roughness and the number of craters reduce as the number of pulses increases. After irradiation treatment, the grains are significantly refined. After 15 pulses, the average grain size decreases from 1.5 μm of the original sample to 0.8 μm, and the grain size range decreases from 0.2- 9.1 μm of the original sample to 0.2-4.7 μm. As the number of pulses increase, the dislocation density increases to varying degrees, and the average hardness decreases. The wear mechanism of TA15 titanium alloy is abrasive wear. After HCPEB irradiation treatment, the friction coefficient and wear volume of TA15 titanium alloy are reduced. Among them, the friction coefficient of the sample treated with 15 pulses is reduced by about 37% compared with the original sample, and the wear volume is reduced by about 19%.
In conclusion, high current pulsed electron beam irradiation improves the wear resistance of TA15 titanium alloy, and the sample shows the best wear resistance after 15 pulses.
Key words
high current pulsed electron beam /
surface modification /
TA15 titanium alloy /
grain refinement /
wear resistance performance
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Funding
National Key Research and Development Program of China (2019YFA0705300)
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