Corrosion Resistance and Sea Ice Erosion Performance of Stainless Steel for Polar Ship Propellers

SUN Shibin; GUO Shengxu; CHANG Xueting; JIANG Yingchang; WANG Dongsheng

doi:10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2025.16.005

PDF(45530 KB)

Surface Technology ›› 2025, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (16) : 67-79. DOI: 10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2025.16.005

Corrosion and Protection

Corrosion Resistance and Sea Ice Erosion Performance of Stainless Steel for Polar Ship Propellers

SUN Shibin^a, GUO Shengxu^a, CHANG Xueting^b, JIANG Yingchang^b, WANG Dongsheng^b,*

Author information +

History +

Abstract

When polar ships navigate in ice zones, their propellers are subject to sea ice impact and seawater corrosion, causing surface erosion and corrosion damage and imposing potential safety hazards. The work aims to explore the damage characteristics and mechanisms of stainless steel surfaces used for polar ship propellers under sea ice erosion and seawater corrosion and simulate the process of sea ice erosion by numerical simulation methods.
Three kinds of propeller steel samples with different alloy contents were tested by sea ice erosion experiments where a self-made erosion test platform was used for low temperature environment. The corrosion performance under seawater immersion at different temperatures was tested. The surface grain structure, macro morphology and microstructure of the experimental samples were observed and analyzed by metallographic microscope, optical microscope, white light interference microscope and scanning electron microscope. The erosion rate and corrosion rate of the samples were characterized by weight loss method and electrochemical workstation and the effects caused by different alloy contents were compared with those caused by ice erosion and seawater corrosion damage. Two turbulence models, SST k-ω model and standard k-ε model, were used to simulate the erosion process in FLUENT. Oka erosion model was used to calculate the wall erosion rate, which was compared with the experimental value.
Three kinds of stainless steel used for polar ship propellers have obvious damage and some part of the surface after erosion has a diameter of about 100 μm and even flake spalling. The surface damage after corrosion is mainly pitting pits and there are obvious differences between the morphologies after erosion and corrosion. The erosion rate of the sample is about 1.39×10^-8-3.56×10^-8kg/(m²·s). The electrochemical polarization curve analysis shows that the corrosion potential of the stainless steel shifts positively, the corrosion current density decreases and the corrosion rate decreases with the decrease of ambient temperature. The corrosion rate reaches the highest at 20 ℃ and is about 9.846×10^-4-6.175×10^-3mm/a. By comparing the three kinds of stainless steel, it is found that the erosion resistance and corrosion properties of the stainless steel can be significantly improved and the surface damage is significantly reduced with the increase of alloying elements Cr and Ni content. It is found in the simulation that the erosion rate obtained by SST k-ω model is about 1.11×10^-8~2.42×10^-8kg/(m²·s) and the variation trend of the simulation value and the steel surface erosion rate under this model is close to the experimental value.
Cr and Ni contents are an important factor to improve the erosion resistance and corrosion performance of the stainless steel for polar ship propellers, which can densify the passivation layer and strengthen its repair ability. At the same time, the fine grain can also improve the ability of the stainless steel to resist erosion. In simulated erosion, there will be a speed drop area in front of the wall, where the static pressure increases and the dynamic pressure decreases. The erosion rate obtained under the SST k-ω model is in good agreement with the experimental value.

Key words

stainless steel for polar ship propellers / sea ice erosion / seawater corrosion / mechanism analysis / erosion simulation / experimental control

Cite this article

EndNote

Ris (Procite)

Bibtex

Download Citations

SUN Shibin, GUO Shengxu, CHANG Xueting, JIANG Yingchang, WANG Dongsheng. Corrosion Resistance and Sea Ice Erosion Performance of Stainless Steel for Polar Ship Propellers[J]. Surface Technology. 2025, 54(16): 67-79 https://doi.org/10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2025.16.005

References

[1] 丁举, 王建强, 刘正浩, 等. 极地破冰船螺旋桨设计探讨[J]. 船舶, 2023, 34(1): 175-184.
DING J, WANG J Q, LIU Z H, et al.Discussion on Propeller Design of Polar Icebreaker[J]. Ship & Boat, 2023, 34(1): 175-184.
[2] 朱晶, 姜元军, 何大川. 制造船用螺旋桨不锈钢材料的研究进展[J]. 中国冶金, 2019, 29(7): 1-5.
ZHU J, JIANG Y J, HE D C.Research Development of Stainless Steel Material for Manufacturing Marine Propeller[J]. China Metallurgy, 2019, 29(7): 1-5.
[3] WANG L W, DING Y, LU Q K, et al.Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of Welded Joint between 2507 Super Duplex Stainless Steel and E690 Low Alloy Steel[J]. Corrosion Communications, 2023, 11: 1-11.
[4] 黄家针, 黄涛, 杨丽景, 等. SAF 2304双相不锈钢电化学性能及其近海腐蚀行为[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2023, 43(3): 630-638.
HUANG J Z, HUANG T, YANG L J, et al.Electrochemical Properties and Offshore Corrosion Behavior of SAF 2304 Duplex Stainless Steel[J]. Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and Protection, 2023, 43(3): 630-638.
[5] 李科, 林义民, 王飞, 等. 固溶处理对电弧增材制造超级双相不锈钢微观组织及摩擦磨损性能的影响[J]. 摩擦学学报(中英文), 2024, 44(7): 893-902.
LI K, LIN Y M, WANG F, et al.Effect of Solution Treatment on Microstructure and Wear Resistance of Directed Energy Deposited Super Duplex Stainless Steel[J]. Tribology, 2024, 44(7): 893-902.
[6] 马宏驰, 吴伟, 周霄骋, 等. 不同热处理态的304和321奥氏体不锈钢在氯化铵环境中的应力腐蚀行为对比研究[J]. 表面技术, 2018, 47(11): 126-133.
MA H C, WU W, ZHOU X C, et al.Comparative Study on Stress Corrosion Cracking Behaviors of 304 and 321 Austenitic Stainless Steels by Different Heat Treatment in NH₄Cl Solution[J]. Surface Technology, 2018, 47(11): 126-133.
[7] 李慧心, 李大朋, 胡丽华, 等. 317L不锈钢在南海海水中的服役风险[J]. 腐蚀与防护, 2024, 45(1): 41-46.
LI H X, LI D P, HU L H, et al.Corrosion Risk of 317L Stainless Steel in Coastal Waters of South China Sea[J]. Corrosion & Protection, 2024, 45(1): 41-46.
[8] 邢少华, 彭文山, 钱峣, 等. 海水流速对经抛光和钝化表面处理的2205不锈钢点蚀的影响[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2024, 44(3): 658-668.
XING S H, PENG W S, QIAN Y, et al.Effect of Seawater Flow Velocity on Pitting Corrosion of 2205 Stainless Steel with Different Surface Treatments[J]. Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and Protection, 2024, 44(3): 658-668.
[9] ZHAO Y, XIONG H, LI X P, et al.Improved Corrosion Performance of Selective Laser Melted Stainless Steel 316L in the Deep-Sea Environment[J]. Corrosion Communications, 2021, 2: 55-62.
[10] 赖莉, 徐震霖, 何宜柱. 热处理对SLM 18Ni300马氏体时效钢组织及腐蚀性能的影响[J]. 表面技术, 2019, 48(12): 328-335.
LAI L, XU Z L, HE Y Z.Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Corrosion Properties of SLM 18Ni300 Maraging Steel[J]. Surface Technology, 2019, 48(12): 328-335.
[11] 刘冰, 刘旭, 邓宽海, 等. 高速固体颗粒冲击下30CrMo钢的冲蚀机理测试研究[J]. 表面技术, 2023, 52(9): 135-145.
LIU B, LIU X, DENG K H, et al.Erosion Mechanism of 30CrMo Steel Impacted by High Speed Solid Particles[J]. Surface Technology, 2023, 52(9): 135-145.
[12] 奚运涛, 贾毛, 张军, 等. HVOF热喷WC-¹²Co和Ni60涂层在不同攻角下的固体粒子冲蚀行为[J]. 表面技术, 2022, 51(12): 109-115.
XI Y T, JIA M, ZHANG J, et al.Solid Particle Erosion Behavior of HVOF Thermal Spray WC-¹²Co and Ni60 Coatings at Different Angles of Attack[J]. Surface Technology, 2022, 51(12): 109-115.
[13] 杜明超, 李增亮, 董祥伟, 等. 菱形颗粒冲蚀磨损特性试验及仿真研究[J]. 摩擦学学报, 2018, 38(5): 501-511.
DU M C, LI Z L, DONG X W, et al.Experimental and Numerical Study on Erosion Characteristics of Rhomboid Particles[J]. Tribology, 2018, 38(5): 501-511.
[14] MOHSENI-MOFIDI S, DRESCHER E, KRUGGEL- EMDEN H, et al.Particle-Based Numerical Simulation Study of Solid Particle Erosion of Ductile Materials Leading to an Erosion Model, Including the Particle Shape Effect[J]. Materials (Basel), 2021, 15(1): 286.
[15] 冯春宇, 纪庆宇, 易飞, 等. 碳化钨硬质合金的抗冲蚀性能及高温高压下的耐腐蚀性能[J]. 腐蚀与防护, 2020, 41(4): 13-17.
FENG C Y, JI Q Y, YI F, et al.Erosion Resistance and High Pressure and High Temperature Corrosion Resistance of Tungsten Carbide Hard Alloys[J]. Corrosion & Protection, 2020, 41(4): 13-17.
[16] BANSAL A, GOYAL D K, SINGH P, et al.Erosive Wear Behaviour of HVOF-Sprayed Ni-20Cr₂O₃ Coating on Pipeline Materials[J]. International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 2020, 92: 105332.
[17] 邓宽海, 程金亮, 林元华, 等. 基于气-固两相流喷嘴实验的20G钢冲蚀机理研究[J]. 表面技术, 2024, 53(17): 50-61.
DENG K H, CHENG J L, LIN Y H, et al.Erosion Mechanism of 20G Steel Based on Gas-Solid Two-Phase Flow Nozzle Experiment[J]. Surface Technology, 2024, 53(17): 50-61.
[18] CUI L, LI Z, DOU Y H.Erosion-Corrosion Behavior of 20Cr Steel in Corrosive Solid-Liquid Two-Phase Flow Conditions[J]. Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention, 2018, 18(3): 640-646.
[19] YI J Z, HU H X, WANG Z B, et al.On the Critical Flow Velocity for Erosion-Corrosion in Local Eroded Regions under Liquid-Solid Jet Impingement[J]. Wear, 2019, 422: 94-99.
[20] 孙士斌, 王鑫, 康健, 等. DH32船用钢板在模拟极地破冰环境中的冰载荷冲蚀磨损性能研究[J]. 摩擦学学报, 2021, 41(4): 493-502.
SUN S B, WANG X, KANG J, et al.Erosion-Wear Resistance of DH32 Steel under Ice Load in Simulated Polar Ice-Breaking Environment[J]. Tribology, 2021, 41(4): 493-502.
[21] BUSZKO M H, KRELLA A K, MARCHEWICZ A, et al.Effect of Annealing Temperature on Slurry Erosion Resistance of Ferritic X10CrAlSi18 Steel[J]. Tribology International, 2021, 153: 106648.
[22] LV J L, LIANG T X, WANG C, et al.Effect of Ultrafine Grain on Tensile Behaviour and Corrosion Resistance of the Duplex Stainless Steel[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 2016, 62: 558-563.
[23] TAN L, BUSBY J T.Alloying Effect of Ni and Cr on Irradiated Microstructural Evolution of Type 304 Stainless Steels[J]. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2013, 443(1/2/3): 351-358.
[24] KIM D, KIM K, PARK J, et al.Microstructure and Corrosion Performance of High-Entropy Alloy and Austenite and Super Duplex Stainless Steels in 3.5% NaCl Solution[J]. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 2023, 18(4): 100074.
[25] CHOUDHARY S, KELLY R G, BIRBILIS N.On the Origin of Passive Film Breakdown and Metastable Pitting for Stainless Steel 316L[J]. Corrosion Science, 2024, 230: 111911.
[26] XU L, SUN Q, TANG B, et al.Numerical Simulation of Ice Particle Erosion in Seawater Pipelines of Polar Ship under Vibration Conditions[J]. Ocean Engineering, 2018, 147: 9-19.
[27] OKA Y I, YOSHIDA T.Practical Estimation of Erosion Damage Caused by Solid Article Impact: Part 1: Mechani-cal Roperties of Materials Directly Associated with Erosion Damage[J]. Wear, 2005, 259(1-6): 95-101.
[28] NGUYEN V B, NGUYEN Q B, LIM C Y H, et al. Effect of Air-Borne Particle-Particle Interaction on Materials Erosion[J]. Wear, 2015, 322: 17-31.

Funding

National Key Research and Development Program (2022YFB3705303); The Technical Standard Project of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission (21DZ2205700); The "Shuguang" Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (19SG46); The International Cooperation and Exchange Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology (CU03-29); The Project of Shanghai Deep Sea Material Engineering Technology Center (19DZ2253100)