Niobium alloy is one of the most promising candidate materials as the critical components of hypersonic vehicles due to its excellent high-temperature performance. However, poor high-temperature oxidation resistance is the major problem that needs to be solved for industrial applications at present because of the catastrophic oxidation of niobium alloy at high temperatures. Silicide coating is considered an effective method to broaden the engineering application of niobium alloys due to the formed dense oxygen shielding layer at high temperatures. However, the thermal growth stress will continue to accumulate when the silicide coating is exposed to air at high temperatures, greatly restricting the long-term service. It is proven that a novel coating with altered chemical compositions, functionalities can be prepared by the micro arc oxidation technique with the functional particle incorporated into the electrolyte. The work aims to propose a micro arc oxidation particle deposition sintering technology by introducing HfC-HfO2nanoparticles, forming a multilayer ceramic protective coating on the siliconized niobium alloy. |||, Nb521alloy sheet with a nominal composition of Nb-5W-2Mo-1Zr was cut into10mm×10mm×1mm by wire cutting, polished with SiC sandpaper. Then, the NbSi2bottom layer was obtained by HAPC treatment on Nb521alloys. The polished samples were buried in a mixture powder of Si, NaF, Al2O3,with a weighted ratio of16∶5∶9. HAPC treatment was in a vacuum atmosphere furnace with the argon shield, heated from room temperature to1,300℃ at a heating rate of5℃/min, held for8h. HfC-HfO2outer layer was deposited on the NbSi2layer by micro arc oxidation particle deposition sintering technology, which was carried out on a double electrodes system with the AC power facility. The NbSi2coated sample acted as the anode, while the cathode was the stainless steel sheet. The used electrolyte consisted of Na2SiO3,6,NaOH, HfC particles, HfO2particleswith a size of500nm, completely dispersing in the distilled water. The electrical parameters were set to a frequency of600Hz, a duty cycle of10%, a voltage of600V, an optimized applied time of11min. All the samples were subject to isothermal oxidation tests by a muffle furnaceat1,200℃ in air to evaluate the high-temperature oxidation resistance. A scanning electron microscopeequipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer, a transmission electron microscopewere used to characterize the microstructures of the coatings. An X-ray diffractometerwas used to analyze the phase composition. |||, The thickness of the HfC-HfO2particle deposition layer on the siliconized niobium alloy surface was approximately45μm. The composite coating demonstrated optimal oxidation resistance throughout the isothermal oxidation process, with a mass gain of only6.41mg/cm, , a parabolic rate constant of0.367mg, /. In contrast, a single NbSi2coating exhibited accelerated oxidation, with a mass gain of13.6mg/cm, . The incorporation of HfC as an oxygen-consuming phase in the composite coating ultimately formed the HfSiO4skeletal structure at high temperatures, enhancing the stability of the oxide scale. Additionally, Hf-rich oxides anchored the SiO2oxide scale, forming a dense oxygen diffusion barrier layer, which significantly suppressed the growth of niobium oxides, crack initiation
Key words
siliconized niobium alloy /
micro arc oxidation /
composite coating /
high-temperature oxidation resistance
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Funding
National Natural Science Foundation of China (523B2010, U21B2053)
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