Optimization of Surface/Interface Properties of Wide Bandgap Lead Halide Perovskite Films

SONG Liexuan; QIU Jianhang

doi:10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2025.14.020

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Surface Technology ›› 2025, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (14) : 215-222. DOI: 10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2025.14.020

Surface Functionalization

Optimization of Surface/Interface Properties of Wide Bandgap Lead Halide Perovskite Films

SONG Liexuan^1,2, QIU Jianhang^1,2,*

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Abstract

In this paper, the doping modification of conventional bandgap lead halide perovskite films is introduced into wide bandgap lead halide perovskite films to improve the wettability of the films' buried interface and surface as an innovative point to enhance the photoelectric conversion performance and wet stability of the films. Two-dimensional perovskite ultrathin modification layers are grown in situ by first doping 15 mol% MACl in wide bandgap lead halide perovskite films and then spin-coating long chain alkyl bromides onto the surface of the films to construct a two-dimensional/three-dimensional perovskite heterostructure. The MACl-doped and long chain alkyl bromide surface-treated wide bandgap lead halide perovskite film is used as the light absorbing layer, MeO-2PACz as the hole transporting layer, and PCBM as the electron transporting layer, to prepare p-i-n wide bandgap lead halide perovskite solar cells.
The surface morphology of the wide bandgap lead halide perovskite films is observed with a scanning electron microscope (Hitachi SU-70), and it is found that MACl is able to increase the grain size of the films and reduce the holes on the surface of the films as well as the PbI₂ defects at the grain boundaries. The crystal structure of the wide bandgap lead halide perovskite films is characterized with an X-ray diffractometer (Bruker D8 Advance), and it is found that the characteristic peaks of the PbI₂ phase disappear after doping with MACl. The PL spectra of wide bandgap lead halide perovskite films on MeO-2PACz substrates are tested with a fluorescence spectrometer (Edinburgh FLS920), and the attenuation of the PL intensity suggests that doping with MACl improves the carrier transport of the films at the buried interface. The surface potentials of the perovskite and PCBM films before and after treatment with long chain alkyl bromides are tested with a Kelvin probe force microscope (Bruker MultiMode 8), and it is found that alkyl bromide treatment is able to reduce the surface potentials of perovskite and PCBM films, and that the difference in the surface potentials between OABr-treated perovskite and PCBM films is the smallest, indicating that the energy loss of photogenerated electrons is minimized when they are transported at this interface. The contact angle of the perovskite precursor solution at the buried interface before and after MACl doping, the contact angle of PCBM solution on the surface of perovskite film before and after treatment with long chain alkyl bromide, and the contact angle of water are measured with a contact angle measuring instrument (Dataphysics OCA). The contact angle of the perovskite precursor solution at the buried interface decreases by 8° after MACl doping, and this enhancement of wettability reduces the amount of precursor solution used in the spin-coating process. In addition, the contact angle of the PCBM solution on the film surface decreases with the increase of the chain length of alkyl bromides, and the water contact angle on the film surface increases with the increase of the chain length of alkyl bromides, indicating that the treatment of long chain alkyl bromides can enhance the wettability and hydrophobicity of the PCBM solution on the film surface.
Based on the wide bandgap lead halide perovskite thin films obtained via this synergistic optimization strategy, an inverted solar cell with structure of ITO/MeO-2PACz/OABr and MACl passivated wide bandgap lead halide perovskite film (1.79 eV)/ PCBM/BCP/Ag is synthesized, which achieves an open-circuit voltage of 1.26 V and 17.47% power conversion efficiency.

Key words

lead halide perovskite films / semiconductor thin films / wide bandgap semiconductor / surface and interface / photoelectronic conversion

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SONG Liexuan, QIU Jianhang. Optimization of Surface/Interface Properties of Wide Bandgap Lead Halide Perovskite Films[J]. Surface Technology. 2025, 54(14): 215-222 https://doi.org/10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2025.14.020

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