Effect of Shot Peening on Fatigue Crack Propagation Behavior of TC4 Titanium Fan Discs

HAN Xuechun; CAI Pei; XU Heming; ZHANG Yishang; WANG Weize

doi:10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2025.13.014

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Surface Technology ›› 2025, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (13) : 161-170. DOI: 10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2025.13.014

Surface Strengthening Technology

Effect of Shot Peening on Fatigue Crack Propagation Behavior of TC4 Titanium Fan Discs

HAN Xuechun^1,2, CAI Pei², XU Heming², ZHANG Yishang^2*, WANG Weize¹

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Abstract

In the field of aviation engineering, shot peening as a surface treatment technology has been widely used to improve the fatigue property of materials and extend the service life of components. The purpose of this study is to explore in depth the effect of shot peening on the crack propagation behavior in aero-engine fan discs, especially TC4 titanium alloys, a widely used material in the aerospace field.
In this study, two kinds of TC4 titanium alloy simulated parts with different defect sizes are designed and manufactured considering the structural characteristics of the real fan discs and the actual working conditions in service. Through shot peening, residual stress fields at different stress levels are introduced into the surface of the simulated parts. Then, fatigue crack propagation experiments are carried out on the simulated parts according to the load conditions of the fan discs in service. The experimental results show that the crack initiation and growth behavior of the simulated parts are significantly affected by the shot peening strength: with the increase of the shot peening strength, the surface crack initiation life of the simulated parts is significantly increased, however, the crack growth life is significantly reduced.
Through the observation and analysis of fractures, the present study finds that the residual stress induced by shot blasting significantly changes the crack propagation behavior at the near surface compared with the sample without shot blasting. Specifically, the crack leading edge trace exhibits a special "pocket" pattern that is not observed in the un-blasted samples.
In order to quantify this phenomenon, based on Paris formula, a crack growth rate model considering closed effects is used in this study. Through using Franc3D software, a new fatigue crack growth analysis method is established. The impact of shot peening on crack growth is comprehensively considered, and the crack growth path and life are predicted.
Finally, the method successfully describes the evolution process of "pocket" cracks after shot peening. It is found that residual stress leads to the formation of "pocket" cracks by changing the stress state of the crack tip. Under the influence of multiple factors such as crack shape, external load and residual stress, the crack initiation life of simulated parts is increased and the extension life is reduced. In addition, by comparing with experimental data, the predicted crack growth life of simulated parts is within two times of the test life, showing good prediction accuracy.

Key words

shot peening / residual stress / crack propagation / TC4 titanium alloy / fatigue life

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HAN Xuechun, CAI Pei, XU Heming, ZHANG Yishang, WANG Weize. Effect of Shot Peening on Fatigue Crack Propagation Behavior of TC4 Titanium Fan Discs[J]. Surface Technology. 2025, 54(13): 161-170 https://doi.org/10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2025.13.014

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