18Ni300 maraging steel, as a high-alloy low-carbon ultra-high strength steel, not only exhibits extremely high strength and toughness, but also possesses excellent cold and hot working properties, making it a significant material in the field of materials science and engineering. This study aims to investigate the effects of different Mo contents on the microstructure and wear resistance of laser cladding-solution treatment-aging and conventionally formed 18Ni300 cladding layers, thereby enhancing the wear resistance of 18Ni300 and providing a new application perspective for 18Ni300 in the industry. This experiment employs laser cladding technology to produce cladding layers with three different molybdenum contents (0%, 3%, 5%) under both as-deposited and solution treatment-aging (840 ℃/1 h) + aging treatment (450 ℃/5 h) conditions. The heat treatment tests are conducted in a high-temperature box furnace with a heating rate of 15 ℃/min. Subsequently, the phase composition, element distribution, and performance of the cladding layers are characterized by scanning electron microscopy, metallographic microscopy, X-ray diffractometer, and friction and wear testing machine. The effects of different heat treatment methods on mechanical properties are analyzed through tensile fracture morphology, wear tracks, performance characterization, and the segregation behavior of elements under different molybdenum contents.
In the as-deposited state, as the molybdenum (Mo) content gradually increases, the cellular structure grain boundaries become finer, and the coating hardness increases from 378HV0.3 to 478HV0.3. The friction coefficient decreases from 0.490 to 0.398, and the strength increases from 708 MPa to 1 023 MPa. When the Mo content is 3%, the ultimate tensile strength reaches its maximum of 1 127 MPa. The average grain size decreases from 0.88 μm to 0.56 μm. After solution and aging treatment, the dendrites basically disappear, and the distribution of various elements within the grains becomes more uniform. The friction coefficient decreases from 0.382 to 0.261, and the tensile strength increases from 879 MPa to 1 140 MPa. When the Mo content is 3%, the tensile strength reaches its maximum of 1 340 MPa. In the as-deposited state, 18Ni300 exhibits poor wear resistance and high friction coefficient, with abrasion and fatigue being the main wear mechanisms. Increasing Mo to 5% shifts the wear mechanisms predominantly to abrasion with minor brittle spalling. After solution and aging treatment, further increase in the Mo content results in the wear mechanisms transitioning from light abrasion, fatigue, and adhesion to mostly abrasion and adhesion. Regardless of whether it is normal forming or solution treatment + aging treatment, the dispersion strengthening of secondary phases is the main factor for the improvement of tensile strength and friction and wear properties. With the increase of the Mo content, the alloy's wear resistance and tensile strength are enhanced, providing broader possibilities for the alloy in various industrial applications. This paper prepares cladding layers with different Mo contents by mixing spherical Mo powder and 18Ni300 powder. By studying the changes in friction properties and tensile strength with the Mo content under normal forming and solution-aging conditions, high wear resistance and high strength cladding layers are obtained.
Key words
Mo content /
tensile strength /
as-deposited /
solution-aging /
wear resistance /
wear mechanism /
laser cladding 18Ni300
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Funding
Young Scientists Program of the National Key R & D Program (2023YFB4604300); The National Natural Science Foundation of China (52035014); Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation (LQ24E050018)
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