The polluted air is easy to breed harmful substances such as bacteria and viruses which exist in biological aerosols and enter the human body through respiratory contact, seriously threatening people‘s health. Common disinfection methods include ultraviolet irradiation, heating, plasma treatment, bactericide, etc., which are difficult to be used on a large scale in real life because of high cost and great side effects. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a safe, energy-saving and efficient way to improve air quality. The work aims to propose an energy-saving and environmental-friendly air purification method, which uses electroporation technology to realize efficient inactivation of bacteria in flowing air. Electroporation means that under the stimulation of ultra-high voltage electric field, the permeability of cell membrane changes and the irreversible perforation occurs, which leads to the death of bacteria. This method is energy-intensive and dangerous. Based on this, low-voltage electroporation technology avoids the above shortcomings, and relies on the tip discharge effect of nanowires to realize local high-voltage electric field at the tip of nanowires under low voltage input. This electric field amplification effect can usually increase the electric field by several orders of magnitude. In this work, the surface of copper foam was treated by thermal oxidation and chemical etching, and the in-situ growth differences and conditions of nanowires were explored. The results showed that the size of nanowires grown by thermal oxidation was small and uneven, and nanowires with good morphology were obtained at 400 ℃. Copper oxide nanowires with uniform density and good stability were prepared by alkali etching. In order to further improve the conductivity and mechanical stability of nanowires, polyaniline was deposited on the surface of copper oxide nanowires, and a C-CuO/PANI nanowire bactericidal material was constructed. The P-P homogeneous junction formed by the combination of CuO and PANI could greatly promote the generation of carriers and holes under the condition of electric load and improve the electrocatalytic efficiency. It was proved by impedance test that the conductivity of C-CuO/PANI nanowire sterilization material was improved. At the same time, the sterilization material was put into the electric field sterilization device, and the sterilization rate of air was 99% at 12 V AC voltage and 1 m/s working flow rate. It had an efficient bactericidal effect on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. In order to explore the sterilization mechanism, it is necessary to verify the sterilization mechanism other than electroporation effect. Reactive oxygen species staining and electron paramagnetic resonance confirm the existence of intracellular reactive oxygen species and extracellular .OH. This shows that the conduction band position of the formed P-P heterojunction is negative enough. Under the applied voltage, after the electron transition at the conduction band, the energy carried by the holes can effectively oxidize H2O into .OH. The sterilization mechanism of C-CuO/PANI nanowire sterilization material is caused by the electroporation effect caused by the local enhanced electric field at the tip of the nanowires and the strong oxidation of bacteria by active oxygen. This work provides an energy-saving and efficient way for air purification.